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Bell inequalities were meant to test quantum mechanics vs local hidden variable models, but can also be used to verify entanglement. For entanglement verification purposes one assumes the validity of quantum mechanics as well as quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Pavel Lougovski , S. J. van Enk

The celebrating theorem of A. Fine implies that the CHSH inequality is violated if and only if the joint probability distribution for the quadruples of observables involved the EPR-Bohm-Bell experiment does not exist, i.e., it is impossible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Andrei Khrennikov

We introduce Bell inequalities based on covariance, one of the most common measures of correlation. Explicit examples are discussed, and violations in quantum theory are demonstrated. A crucial feature of these covariance Bell inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-27 Victor Pozsgay , Flavien Hirsch , Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Brunner

The predictions of quantum mechanics cannot be resolved with a completely classical view of the world. In particular, the statistics of space-like separated measurements on entangled quantum systems violate a Bell inequality. We put forward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 Matty J. Hoban

The experimentally verified violation of Bell's inequalities apparently implies that at least one of two intuitive beliefs must be false: that effects propagating at infinite velocity do not exist, and that natural phenomena occur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Alejandro Hnilo

Quantum theory is inconsistent with any local hidden variable model as was first shown by Bell. To test Bell inequalities two separated observers extract correlations from a common ensemble of identical systems. Since quantum theory does…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-19 Shmuel Marcovitch , Benni Reznik

The assumptions required for the derivation of Bell inequalities are not usually satisfied for random fields in which there are any thermal or quantum fluctuations, in contrast to the general satisfaction of the assumptions for classical…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Morgan

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Joy Christian

Bell inequalities applicable to non-ideal EPRB experiments are critical to the interpretation of experimental Bell tests. In this article it is shown that previous treatments of this subject are incorrect due to an implicit assumption and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 João N. C. Especial

Bell inequalities characterize the boundary of the local-realist correlation polytope -- the set of joint probability distributions achievable by classical hidden-variable models. Quantum mechanics exceeds this boundary through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Daniel Zantedeschi

The interpretation of the meaning of Quantum Mechanics has faced controversy since its inception. Bell's inequalities are a touchstone in this controversy. Their observed violation demonstrates that at least one of the hypotheses involved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Mónica Agüero , Juliana Bordieu , Alejandro Hnilo , Marcelo Kovalsky , Myriam Nonaka

It is demonstrated that hidden variables of a certain type follow logically from a certain local causality requirement (``Bell Locality'') and the empirically well-supported predictions of quantum theory for the standard EPR-Bell setup. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Travis Norsen

Correlations for the Bell gedankenexperiment are constructed using probabilities given by quantum mechanics, and nonlocal information. They satisfy Bell's inequality and exhibit spatial non stationarity in angle. Correlations for three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Louis Sica

We define quantum-like probabilistic behaviour as behaviour which is impossible to describe by using the classical probability model. We discuss the conjecture that cognitive behaviour is quantum-like. There is presented the scheme for an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Andrei Khrennikov

The no-signalling principle is a fundamental assumption in Bell-inequality and quantum-steering experiments. Nonetheless, experimental imperfections can lead to apparent violations beyond those expected from finite-sample statistics. Here,…

Bell inequalities follow from a set of seemingly natural assumptions about how to provide a causal model of a Bell experiment. In the face of their violation, two types of causal models that modify some of these assumptions have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Patrick J. Daley , Kevin J. Resch , Robert W. Spekkens

Bell's theorem states that no description of a Bell experiment can be simultaneously local, realistic in the sense of counterfactual definiteness, and free of conspiracy between settings and hidden state. The recent generation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Richard D Gill , Inge S. Helland , Bart Jongejan

The detection of nonlocal correlations in a Bell experiment implies almost by definition some intrinsic randomness in the measurement outcomes. For given correlations, or for a given Bell violation, the amount of randomness predicted by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Erik Woodhead , Boris Bourdoncle , Antonio Acín

Bell inequalities reveal the fundamentally nonlocal character of quantum mechanics. In this regard, one of the interesting problems is to explore all possible Bell inequalities that demonstrate a gap between local and nonlocal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Palash Pandya , Shubhayan Sarkar , Remigiusz Augusiak

We analyse the proof of Bell's inequality and demonstrate that this inequality is related to one particular model of probability theory, namely Kolmogorov measure-theoretical axiomatics, 1933. We found a (numerical) statistical correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Andrei Khrennikov