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Class imbalance and noisy labels are the norm rather than the exception in many large-scale classification datasets. Nevertheless, most works in machine learning typically assume balanced and clean data. There have been some recent attempts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Shyamgopal Karthik , Jérome Revaud , Boris Chidlovskii

Multi-label learning (MLL) has gained attention for its ability to represent real-world data. Label Distribution Learning (LDL), an extension of MLL to learning from label distributions, faces challenges in collecting accurate label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zhiqiang Kou , Si Qin , Hailin Wang , Mingkun Xie , Shuo Chen , Yuheng Jia , Tongliang Liu , Masashi Sugiyama , Xin Geng

Real-world data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, in which head classes occupy most of the data, while tail classes only have very few samples. Models trained on long-tailed datasets have poor adaptability to tail classes and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Qiong Chen , Tianlin Huang , Geren Zhu , Enlu Lin

Real-world data is frequently noisy and ambiguous. In crowdsourcing, for example, human annotators may assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) addresses this challenge by training classifiers when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tobias Fuchs , Nadja Klein

Long-tailed recognition with imbalanced class distribution naturally emerges in practical machine learning applications. Existing methods such as data reweighing, resampling, and supervised contrastive learning enforce the class balance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Chengkai Hou , Jieyu Zhang , Haonan Wang , Tianyi Zhou

Long-tailed recognition is ubiquitous and challenging in deep learning and even in the downstream finetuning of foundation models, since the skew class distribution generally prevents the model generalization to the tail classes. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jiaan Luo , Feng Hong , Qiang Hu , Xiaofeng Cao , Feng Liu , Jiangchao Yao

Label noise and class imbalance commonly coexist in real-world data. Previous works for robust learning, however, usually address either one type of the data biases and underperform when facing them both. To mitigate this gap, this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Shenwang Jiang , Jianan Li , Jizhou Zhang , Ying Wang , Tingfa Xu

Integrating supervised contrastive loss to cross entropy-based communication has recently been proposed as a solution to address the long-tail learning problem. However, when the class imbalance ratio is high, it requires adjusting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Charika De Alvis , Dishanika Denipitiyage , Suranga Seneviratne

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Main challenges in long-tailed recognition come from the imbalanced data distribution and sample scarcity in its tail classes. While techniques have been proposed to achieve a more balanced training loss and to improve tail classes data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Bo Liu , Haoxiang Li , Hao Kang , Nuno Vasconcelos , Gang Hua

Real-world datasets usually are class-imbalanced and corrupted by label noise. To solve the joint issue of long-tailed distribution and label noise, most previous works usually aim to design a noise detector to distinguish the noisy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Zhuo Li , He Zhao , Zhen Li , Tongliang Liu , Dandan Guo , Xiang Wan

Recognition problems in long-tailed data, in which the sample size per class is heavily skewed, have gained importance because the distribution of the sample size per class in a dataset is generally exponential unless the sample size is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Naoya Hasegawa , Issei Sato

Deep neural networks are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples, i.e.,small perturbations that can significantly degrade model performance. While adversarial training has become the primary defense strategy, most studies focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lilin Zhang , Yimo Guo , Yue Li , Jiancheng Shi , Xianggen Liu

The imbalance (or long-tail) is the nature of many real-world data distributions, which often induces the undesirable bias of deep classification models toward frequent classes, resulting in poor performance for tail classes. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fudong Lin , Xu Yuan

Real-world data often exhibits long-tailed distributions with heavy class imbalance, posing great challenges for deep recognition models. We identify a persisting dilemma on the value of labels in the context of imbalanced learning: on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Yuzhe Yang , Zhi Xu

Noisy labels, which are common in real-world datasets, can significantly impair the training of deep learning models. However, recent adversarial noise-combating methods overlook the long-tailed distribution of real data, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Mengting Li , Chuang Zhu

There is an inescapable long-tailed class-imbalance issue in many real-world classification problems. Current methods for addressing this problem only consider scenarios where all examples come from the same distribution. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Xinyu Yang , Huaxiu Yao , Allan Zhou , Chelsea Finn

Continual learning from a sequential stream of data is a crucial challenge for machine learning research. Most studies have been conducted on this topic under the single-label classification setting along with an assumption of balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Chris Dongjoo Kim , Jinseo Jeong , Gunhee Kim

Real-world data often exhibit imbalanced label distributions. Existing studies on data imbalance focus on single-domain settings, i.e., samples are from the same data distribution. However, natural data can originate from distinct domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Yuzhe Yang , Hao Wang , Dina Katabi

Deep learning algorithms face great challenges with long-tailed data distribution which, however, is quite a common case in real-world scenarios. Previous methods tackle the problem from either the aspect of input space (re-sampling classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Jiequan Cui , Shu Liu , Zhuotao Tian , Zhisheng Zhong , Jiaya Jia