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Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum communication technique in which random numbers are encoded on quantum systems, usually photons, and sent from one party, Alice, to another, Bob. Using the data sent via the quantum signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 T. C. Ralph , N. Walk

We determine the shared information that can be extracted from time-bin entangled photons using frame encoding. We consider photons generated by a general down-conversion source and also model losses, dark counts and the effects of multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Thomas Brougham , Christoph F. Wildfeuer , Stephen M. Barnett , Daniel J. Gauthier

Time-bin entanglement is the most commonly used form of entanglement for quantum communication protocols over fiber networks, due to the natural resilience of this encoding scheme to thermal phase fluctuations in optical fibers. Projective…

We present a protocol for quantum key distribution using discrete modulation of coherent states of light. Information is encoded in the variable phase of coherent states which can be chosen from a regular discrete set ranging from binary to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Denis Sych , Gerd Leuchs

In this Letter, we propose a new approach to process high-dimensional quantum information encoded in a photon frequency domain. In contrast to previous approaches based on nonlinear optical processes, no active control of photon energy is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-16 Chaohan Cui , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Saikat Guha , Linran Fan

We create pairs of non-degenerate time-bin entangled photons at telecom wavelengths with ultra-short pump pulses. Entanglement is shown by performing Bell kind tests of the Franson type with visibilities of up to 91%. As time-bin…

Quantum entanglement is a key resource in quantum information science, playing an essential role in quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum networks, and distributed quantum computing. However, practical applications require techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Jin-Woo Kim , Minchul Kim , Jiho Park , Chunju Youn

The passive approach to quantum key distribution (QKD) consists of removing all active modulation from the users' devices, a highly desirable countermeasure to get rid of modulator side-channels. Nevertheless, active modulation has not been…

We present two polarization-based protocols for quantum key distribution. The protocols encode key bits in noiseless subspaces or subsystems, and so can function over a quantum channel subjected to an arbitrary degree of collective noise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. -C. Boileau , D. Gottesman , R. Laflamme , D. Poulin , R. W. Spekkens

Quantum information processing, communication, and sensing networks are being developed with various qubit platforms that use different encoding schemes. Connecting quantum network nodes to distribute entanglement requires matching photon…

A distributed quantum computing network requires a quantum communication channel between spatially separated processing units. In superconducting circuits, such a channel can be implemented based on propagating microwave photons to encode…

We present the basic elements for a modular architecture for time-bin encoded qubits based on quantum Hall edge channels, forming the foundation of a scalable electronic quantum information platform named TEMPO (Time-binned Electronic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 David Pomaranski , Michihisa Yamamoto

We present a scalable star-shaped quantum key distribution (QKD) optical fiber network. We use wavelength-division demultiplexing (WDM) of broadband photon pairs to establish key exchange between multiple pairs of participants…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) guarantees the security of communication with quantum physics. Most of widely adopted QKD protocols currently encode the key information with binary signal format---qubit, such as the polarization states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-23 Fumin Wang , Pei Zeng , Xiaoli Wang , Hong Gao , Fuli Li , Pei Zhang

Polarizations of single-photon pulses have been controlled with long-term stability of more than 10 hours by using an active feedback technique for auto-compensation of unpredictable polarization scrambling in long-distance fiber.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang Wu , Jie Chen , Yao Li , Heping Zeng

Entanglement is an invaluable resource for fundamental tests of physics and the implementation of quantum information protocols such as device-independent secure communications. In particular, time-bin entanglement is widely exploited to…

The security of conventional cryptography systems is threatened in the forthcoming era of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution (QKD) features fundamentally proven security and offers a promising option for quantum-proof cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

High-dimensional entanglement promises to increase the information capacity of photons and is now routinely generated exploiting spatio-temporal degrees of freedom of single photons. A curious feature of these systems is the possibility to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Mirdit Doda , Marcus Huber , Gláucia Murta , Matej Pivoluska , Martin Plesch , Chrysoula Vlachou

Entanglement distribution based on time-bin qubits is an attractive option for emerging quantum networks. We demonstrate a 4.09 GHz repetition rate source of photon pairs entangled across early and late time bins separated by 80 ps.…

Time-bin entangled photons are ideal for long-distance quantum communication via optical fibers. Here we present a source where, even at high creation rates, each excitation pulse generates at most one time-bin entangled pair. This is…