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Problems of cooperation--in which agents seek ways to jointly improve their welfare--are ubiquitous and important. They can be found at scales ranging from our daily routines--such as driving on highways, scheduling meetings, and working…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Allan Dafoe , Edward Hughes , Yoram Bachrach , Tantum Collins , Kevin R. McKee , Joel Z. Leibo , Kate Larson , Thore Graepel

We introduce the Overcooked Generalisation Challenge (OGC) - a new benchmark for evaluating reinforcement learning (RL) agents on their ability to cooperate with unknown partners in unfamiliar environments. Existing work typically evaluated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Constantin Ruhdorfer , Matteo Bortoletto , Anna Penzkofer , Andreas Bulling

Often times, individuals working together as a team can solve hard problems beyond the capability of any individual in the team. Cooperative optimization is a newly proposed general method for attacking hard optimization problems inspired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Xiaofei Huang

We study automated security response for an IT infrastructure and formulate the interaction between an attacker and a defender as a partially observed, non-stationary game. We relax the standard assumption that the game model is correctly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Kim Hammar , Tao Li , Rolf Stadler , Quanyan Zhu

Fusing heterogeneous information remains a persistent challenge in modern data analysis. While significant progress has been made, existing approaches often fail to account for the inherent heterogeneity of object patterns across different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shuo Wang , Shunyang Huang , Jinghui Yuan , Zhixiang Shen , Zhao Kang

In cooperative training, humans within a team coordinate on complex tasks, building mental models of their teammates and learning to adapt to teammates' actions in real-time. To reduce the often prohibitive scheduling constraints associated…

Multi-agent systems require effective coordination between groups and individuals to achieve common goals. However, current multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods primarily focus on improving individual policies and do not…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Jingqing Ruan , Xiaotian Hao , Dong Li , Hangyu Mao

Compositional Zero-Shot learning (CZSL) aims to recognize unseen compositions of state and object visual primitives seen during training. A problem with standard CZSL is the assumption of knowing which unseen compositions will be available…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Massimiliano Mancini , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Yongqin Xian , Zeynep Akata

This paper extends the notion of learning equilibrium in game theory from matrix games to stochastic games. We introduce Foolproof Cooperative Learning (FCL), an algorithm that converges to a Tit-for-Tat behavior. It allows cooperative…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Alexis Jacq , Julien Perolat , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

Generative, ML-driven interactive systems have the potential to change how people interact with computers in creative processes - turning tools into co-creators. However, it is still unclear how we might achieve effective human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Frederic Gmeiner , Kenneth Holstein , Nikolas Martelaro

We study how to train personalized models for different tasks on decentralized devices with limited local data. We propose "Structured Cooperative Learning (SCooL)", in which a cooperation graph across devices is generated by a graphical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Shuangtong Li , Tianyi Zhou , Xinmei Tian , Dacheng Tao

In collaborative goal-oriented settings, the participants are not only interested in achieving a successful outcome, but do also implicitly negotiate the effort they put into the interaction (by adapting to each other). In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Philipp Sadler , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

Collaborative learning enhances the performance and adaptability of multi-robot systems in complex tasks but faces significant challenges due to high communication overhead and data heterogeneity inherent in multi-robot tasks. To this end,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jiaxi Huang , Yan Huang , Yixian Zhao , Wenchao Meng , Jinming Xu

The development of Multimodal Virtual Agents has made significant progress through the integration of Multimodal Large Language Models. However, mainstream training paradigms face key challenges: Behavior Cloning is simple and effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Keyu Wang , Bingchen Miao , Wendong Bu , Yu Wu , Juncheng Li , Shengyu Zhang , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Generating agents that can achieve zero-shot coordination (ZSC) with unseen partners is a new challenge in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Recently, some studies have made progress in ZSC by exposing the agents to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ke Xue , Yutong Wang , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Haobo Fu , Qiang Fu , Chao Qian , Yang Yu

Zero-shot coordination (ZSC) -- the ability to collaborate with unfamiliar partners -- is essential to making autonomous agents effective teammates. Existing ZSC methods evaluate coordination capabilities between two agents who have not…

Humans have an impressive ability to solve complex coordination problems in a fully distributed manner. This ability, if learned as a set of distributed multirobot coordination strategies, can enable programming large groups of robots to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-04-21 Arash Tavakoli , Haig Nalbandian , Nora Ayanian

The trajectory of AI development suggests that we will increasingly rely on agent-based systems composed of independently developed agents with different information, privileges, and tools. The success of these systems will critically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tim R. Davidson , Adam Fourney , Saleema Amershi , Robert West , Eric Horvitz , Ece Kamar

A central challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning is enabling agents to adapt to previously unseen teammates in a zero-shot fashion. Prior work in zero-shot coordination often follows a two-stage process, first generating a diverse…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Andrew Ni , Simon Stepputtis , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia P. Sycara , Woojun Kim

Open-ended learning (OEL) -- which emphasizes training agents that achieve broad capability over narrow competency -- is emerging as a paradigm to develop artificial intelligence (AI) agents to achieve robustness and generalization.…