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Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting can encourage language models to engage in multi-step logical reasoning. The quality of the provided demonstrations significantly influences the success of downstream inference tasks. Current unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yufeng Zhang , Xuepeng Wang , Lingxiang Wu , Jinqiao Wang

Prompt Engineering has garnered significant attention for enhancing the performance of large language models across a multitude of tasks. Techniques such as the Chain-of-Thought not only bolster task performance but also delineate a clear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Wei Jie Yeo , Ranjan Satapathy , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Erik Cambria

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Does prompting a large language model (LLM) like GPT-3 with explanations improve in-context learning? We study this question on two NLP tasks that involve reasoning over text, namely question answering and natural language inference. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Xi Ye , Greg Durrett

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in learning from explanations in prompts, but there has been limited understanding of exactly how these explanations function or why they are effective. This work aims to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Xi Ye , Srinivasan Iyer , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ves Stoyanov , Greg Durrett , Ramakanth Pasunuru

We explore how generating a chain of thought -- a series of intermediate reasoning steps -- significantly improves the ability of large language models to perform complex reasoning. In particular, we show how such reasoning abilities emerge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Jason Wei , Xuezhi Wang , Dale Schuurmans , Maarten Bosma , Brian Ichter , Fei Xia , Ed Chi , Quoc Le , Denny Zhou

Reasoning methods such as chain-of-thought prompting and self-consistency have shown immense potential to improve the accuracy of large language models across various reasoning tasks. However such methods involve generation of lengthy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Disha Sheshanarayana , Tanishka Magar

We study the task of prompting large-scale language models to perform multi-step reasoning. Existing work shows that when prompted with a chain of thoughts (CoT), sequences of short sentences describing intermediate reasoning steps towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark , Tushar Khot

The increasing scale of large language models (LLMs) brings emergent abilities to various complex tasks requiring reasoning, such as arithmetic and commonsense reasoning. It is known that the effective design of task-specific prompts is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shizhe Diao , Pengcheng Wang , Yong Lin , Rui Pan , Xiang Liu , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

We propose a large language model explainability technique for obtaining faithful natural language explanations by grounding the explanations in a reasoning process. When converted to a sequence of tokens, the outputs of the reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vojtech Cahlik , Rodrigo Alves , Pavel Kordik

Large language models can perform various reasoning tasks by using chain-of-thought prompting, which guides them to find answers through step-by-step demonstrations. However, the quality of the prompts depends on the demonstrations given to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable problem-solving and basic mathematics abilities. However, their efficacy is highly contingent on the formulation of the prompt. This study endeavors to quantify the influence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Rick Battle , Teja Gollapudi

Large Language Models have recently been applied to text annotation tasks from social sciences, equalling or surpassing the performance of human workers at a fraction of the cost. However, no inquiry has yet been made on the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Louis Abraham , Charles Arnal , Antoine Marie

Providing explanations within the recommendation system would boost user satisfaction and foster trust, especially by elaborating on the reasons for selecting recommended items tailored to the user. The predominant approach in this domain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yicui Peng , Hao Chen , Chingsheng Lin , Guo Huang , Jinrong Hu , Hui Guo , Bin Kong , Shu Hu , Xi Wu , Xin Wang

Chain-of-Thought reasoning has emerged as a pivotal methodology for enhancing model inference capabilities. Despite growing interest in Chain-of-Thought reasoning, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This paper explores the working…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hao Yang , Zhiyu Yang , Yunjie Zhang , Shanyi Zhu , Lin Yang

Recently, Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has delivered success on complex reasoning tasks, which aims at designing a simple prompt like ``Let's think step by step'' or multiple in-context exemplars with well-designed rationales to elicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jianing Wang , Qiushi Sun , Xiang Li , Ming Gao

With the advent of larger and more complex deep learning models, such as in Natural Language Processing (NLP), model qualities like explainability and interpretability, albeit highly desirable, are becoming harder challenges to tackle and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Recent large language models support inputs of up to 10 million tokens, yet they perform poorly on long-context tasks that require complex reasoning. Such tasks can be solved using only a subset of the input -- a proxy context -- rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Miao Li , Irina Saparina , Alexander Gurung , Mirella Lapata

Complex reasoning over text requires understanding and chaining together free-form predicates and logical connectives. Prior work has largely tried to do this either symbolically or with black-box transformers. We present a middle ground…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jiangming Liu , Matt Gardner , Shay B. Cohen , Mirella Lapata
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