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Complex black-box machine learning models are regularly used in critical decision-making domains. This has given rise to several calls for algorithmic explainability. Many explanation algorithms proposed in literature assign importance to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Neel Patel , Martin Strobel , Yair Zick

This work proposes xGEMs or manifold guided exemplars, a framework to understand black-box classifier behavior by exploring the landscape of the underlying data manifold as data points cross decision boundaries. To do so, we train an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Shalmali Joshi , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Been Kim , Joydeep Ghosh

Deep learning algorithms have recently shown to be a successful tool in estimating parameters of statistical models for which simulation is easy, but likelihood computation is challenging. But the success of these approaches depends on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Amanda Lenzi , Haavard Rue

Machine-learned models are often described as "black boxes". In many real-world applications however, models may have to sacrifice predictive power in favour of human-interpretability. When this is the case, feature engineering becomes a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-22 Gabriele Tolomei , Fabrizio Silvestri , Andrew Haines , Mounia Lalmas

Probabilistic models learned as density estimators can be exploited in representation learning beside being toolboxes used to answer inference queries only. However, how to extract useful representations highly depends on the particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Antonio Vergari , Nicola Di Mauro , Floriana Esposito

Generative models are capable of producing human-expert level content across a variety of topics and domains. As the impact of generative models grows, it is necessary to develop statistical methods to understand collections of available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hayden Helm , Aranyak Acharyya , Brandon Duderstadt , Youngser Park , Carey E. Priebe

Machine Learning has proved its ability to produce accurate models but the deployment of these models outside the machine learning community has been hindered by the difficulties of interpreting these models. This paper proposes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Jonathan Crabbé , Yao Zhang , William Zame , Mihaela van der Schaar

Identifying governing equations for a dynamical system is a topic of critical interest across an array of disciplines, from mathematics to engineering to biology. Machine learning -- specifically deep learning -- techniques have shown their…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Nibodh Boddupalli , Timothy Matchen , Jeff Moehlis

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

This paper introduces a new metamodel-based knowledge representation that significantly improves autonomous learning and adaptation. While interest in hybrid machine learning / symbolic AI systems leveraging, for example, reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Hugo Latapie , Ozkan Kilic , Gaowen Liu , Yan Yan , Ramana Kompella , Pei Wang , Kristinn R. Thorisson , Adam Lawrence , Yuhong Sun , Jayanth Srinivasa

Interpretability of AI models allows for user safety checks to build trust in these models. In particular, decision trees (DTs) provide a global view on the learned model and clearly outlines the role of the features that are critical to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

For a wide range of applications the structure of systems like Neural Networks or complex simulations, is unknown and approximation is costly or even impossible. Black-box optimization seeks to find optimal (hyper-) parameters for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Janina Schreiber , Damar Wicaksono , Michael Hecht

The ``black-box'' nature of deep learning models presents a significant barrier to their adoption for scientific discovery, where interpretability is paramount. This challenge is especially pronounced in discovering the governing equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Riccardo Cappi , Paolo Frazzetto , Nicolò Navarin , Alessandro Sperduti

Explanations for \emph{black-box} models help us understand model decisions as well as provide information on model biases and inconsistencies. Most of the current explainability techniques provide a single level of explanation, often in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Ainkaran Santhirasekaram , Avinash Kori , Andrea Rockall , Mathias Winkler , Francesca Toni , Ben Glocker

Machine learning is permeating every conceivable domain to promote data-driven decision support. The focus is often on advanced black-box models due to their assumed performance advantages, whereas interpretable models are often associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Sven Kruschel , Nico Hambauer , Sven Weinzierl , Sandra Zilker , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech

Large scale neural models show impressive performance across a wide array of linguistic tasks. Despite this they remain, largely, black-boxes - inducing vector-representations of their input that prove difficult to interpret. This limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Henry Conklin , Kenny Smith

Deep learning models are favored in many research and industry areas and have reached the accuracy of approximating or even surpassing human level. However they've long been considered by researchers as black-box models for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Xiaojian Wang , Jingyuan Wang , Ke Tang

Opaque models belonging to the machine learning world are ever more exploited in the most different application areas. These models, acting as black boxes (BB) from the human perspective, cannot be entirely trusted if the application is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Federico Sabbatini , Roberta Calegari

Data representation techniques have made a substantial contribution to advancing data processing and machine learning (ML). Improving predictive power was the focus of previous representation techniques, which unfortunately perform rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Qiyou Duan , Hadi Ghauch , Taejoon Kim

Calibration strengthens the trustworthiness of black-box models by producing better accurate confidence estimates on given examples. However, little is known about if model explanations can help confidence calibration. Intuitively, humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Qingcai Chen