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Input sanitization mechanisms are widely used to mitigate vulnerabilities to injection attacks such as cross-site scripting. Static analysis tools and techniques commonly used to ensure that applications utilize sanitization functions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Mahmoud Mohammadi , Bill Chu , Heather Richter Lipford

Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) are widely used as authentication method for systems such as Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and Point of Sale (PoS). Input devices (PIN pads) usually give the user a feedback sound when a key is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Matteo Cardaioli , Mauro Conti , Kiran Balagani , Paolo Gasti

Driving behaviour is one of the primary causes of road crashes and accidents, and these can be decreased by identifying and minimizing aggressive driving behaviour. This study identifies the timesteps when a driver in different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Farid Talebloo , Emad A. Mohammed , Behrouz Far

Debugging denotes the process of detecting root causes of unexpected observable behaviors in programs, such as a program crash, an unexpected output value being produced or an assertion violation. Debugging of program errors is a difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Partha Pratim Ray , Ansuman Banerjee

Fault attacks consist in changing the program behavior by injecting faults at run-time in order to break some expected security properties. Applications are hardened against fault attack adding countermeasures. According to the state of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Etienne Boespflug , Abderrahmane Bouguern , Laurent Mounier , Marie-Laure Potet

While attack graphs are useful for identifying major cybersecurity threats affecting a system, they do not provide operational support for determining the likelihood of having a known vulnerability exploited, or that critical system nodes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Francesco Vitale , Simone Guarino , Stefano Perone , Massimiliano Rak , Nicola Mazzocca

Identifying the tasks a given piece of malware was designed to perform (e.g. logging keystrokes, recording video, establishing remote access, etc.) is a difficult and time-consuming operation that is largely human-driven in practice. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Eric Nunes , Casey Buto , Paulo Shakarian , Christian Lebiere , Stefano Bennati , Robert Thomson , Holger Jaenisch

Jailbreaks have been a central focus of research regarding the safety and reliability of large language models (LLMs), yet the mechanisms underlying these attacks remain poorly understood. While previous studies have predominantly relied on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nathalie Kirch , Constantin Weisser , Severin Field , Helen Yannakoudakis , Stephen Casper

Backdoor attacks aim to surreptitiously insert malicious triggers into DNN models, granting unauthorized control during testing scenarios. Existing methods lack robustness against defense strategies and predominantly focus on enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Han Xu , Jie Ren , Yingqian Cui , Shenglai Zeng , Jiliang Tang , Makoto Yamada , Mohammad Sabokrou

Poison-only Clean-label Backdoor Attacks aim to covertly inject attacker-desired behavior into DNNs by merely poisoning the dataset without changing the labels. To effectively implant a backdoor, multiple \textbf{triggers} are proposed for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zhixiao Wu , Yao Lu , Jie Wen , Hao Sun , Qi Zhou , Guangming Lu

Cybersecurity of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) is drawing significant concerns as data communication increasingly leverages wireless networks. A lot of data-driven methods were developed for detecting cyberattacks, but few are focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Dan Li , Paritosh Ramanan , Nagi Gebraeel , Kamran Paynabar

Sensors (e.g., light, gyroscope, accelerotmeter) and sensing enabled applications on a smart device make the applications more user-friendly and efficient. However, the current permission-based sensor management systems of smart devices…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Amit Kumar Sikder , Hidayet Aksu , A. Selcuk Uluagac

Prompt injection attacks can compromise the security and stability of critical systems, from infrastructure to large web applications. This work curates and augments a prompt injection dataset based on the HackAPrompt Playground Submissions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Md. Abrar Faiaz Khan , Md. Omar Faruk , Yaseen Nur

A drive by download is a download that occurs without users action or knowledge. It usually triggers an exploit of vulnerability in a browser to downloads an unknown file. The malicious program in the downloaded file installs itself on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Saeed Ibrahim , Nawwaf Al Herami , Ebrahim Al Naqbi , Monther Aldwairi

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are a necessary cyber defense mechanism. Unfortunately, their capability has fallen behind that of attackers. This motivates us to improve our understanding of the root causes of their false-negatives. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Eric Ficke , Kristin M. Schweitzer , Raymond M. Bateman , Shouhuai Xu

Multiple choice questions are at the heart of many standardized tests and examinations at academic institutions allover the world. In this paper, we argue that recent advancements in sensing and human-computer interaction expose these types…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Tasnia Ashrafi Heya , Abdul Serwadda , Isaac Griswold-Steiner , Richard Matovu

The magnitude of force used in a stabbing incident can be difficult to quantify, although the estimate given by forensic pathologists is often seen as `critical' evidence in medico-legal situations. The main objective of this study is to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-01 Aisling Ni Annaidh , Marie Cassidy , Michael Curtis , Michel Destrade , Michael D. Gilchrist

Rowhammer is a security vulnerability that allows unauthorized attackers to induce errors within DRAM cells. To prevent fault injections from escalating to successful attacks, a widely accepted mitigation is implementing fault checks on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Kemal Derya , M. Caner Tol , Berk Sunar

There is growing adoption of smart devices such as digital locks with remote control and sophisticated authentication mechanisms. However, a lack of attention to device security and user-awareness beyond the primary function of these IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Steve Kerrison

Detecting kinetic vulnerabilities in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), vulnerabilities in control code that can precipitate hazardous physical consequences, is a critical challenge. This task is complicated by the need to analyze the intricate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Kohei Tsujio , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque , Yasser Shoukry