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The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

Transformer, originally devised for natural language processing, has also attested significant success in computer vision. Thanks to its super expressive power, researchers are investigating ways to deploy transformers to reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Yixin Chen , Dacheng Tao

Recent advances in machine learning are consistently enabled by increasing amounts of computation. Reinforcement learning (RL) and population-based methods in particular pose unique challenges for efficiency and flexibility to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Jiale Zhi , Rui Wang , Jeff Clune , Kenneth O. Stanley

Scaling deep neural networks (NN) of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms has been shown to enhance performance when feature extraction networks are used but the gained performance comes at the significant expense of increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Valentin Frank Ingmar Guenter , Athanasios Sideris

Virtual character animation control is a problem for which Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a viable approach. While current work have applied RL effectively to portray physics-based skills, social behaviours are challenging to design reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Vihanga Gamage , Cathy Ennis , Robert Ross

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success through imitation learning on vast text corpora, but this paradigm creates a training-generation gap and limits robust reasoning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhepeng Cen , Haolin Chen , Shiyu Wang , Zuxin Liu , Zhiwei Liu , Jielin Qiu , Ding Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang , Weiran Yao

A major challenge of reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world applications is the variation between environments, tasks or clients. Meta-RL (MRL) addresses this issue by learning a meta-policy that adapts to new tasks. Standard MRL methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ido Greenberg , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik , Eli Meirom

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been widely used in many important tasks of communication networks. In order to improve the perception ability of DRL on the network, some studies have combined graph neural networks (GNNs) with DRL,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xuzeng Li , Tao Zhang , Jian Wang , Zhen Han , Jiqiang Liu , Jiawen Kang , Dusit Niyato , Abbas Jamalipour

While hardware-software co-design has significantly improved the efficiency of neural network inference, modeling the training phase remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. Training workloads impose distinct constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jérémy Morlier , Robin Geens , Stef Cuyckens , Arne Symons , Marian Verhelst , Vincent Gripon , Mathieu Léonardon

Technological trends show that Radio Frequency Reinforcement Learning (RFRL) will play a prominent role in the wireless communication systems of the future. Applications of RFRL range from military communications jamming to enhancing WiFi…

This study focuses on the development of a simulation-driven reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing routing decisions in complex queueing network systems, with a particular emphasis on manufacturing and communication…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Fatima Al-Ani , Molly Wang , Jevon Charles , Aaron Ong , Joshua Forday , Vinayak Modi

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Compared with model-based control and optimization methods, reinforcement learning (RL) provides a data-driven, learning-based framework to formulate and solve sequential decision-making problems. The RL framework has become promising due…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-29 Pouria Razzaghi , Amin Tabrizian , Wei Guo , Shulu Chen , Abenezer Taye , Ellis Thompson , Alexis Bregeon , Ali Baheri , Peng Wei

We present and investigate a novel and timely application domain for deep reinforcement learning (RL): Internet congestion control. Congestion control is the core networking task of modulating traffic sources' data-transmission rates to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Nathan Jay , Noga H. Rotman , P. Brighten Godfrey , Michael Schapira , Aviv Tamar

This article presents a digital twin (DT)-enhanced reinforcement learning (RL) framework aimed at optimizing performance and reliability in network resource management, since the traditional RL methods face several unified challenges when…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Nan Cheng , Xiucheng Wang , Zan Li , Zhisheng Yin , Tom Luan , Xuemin Shen

Online reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are often difficult to deploy in complex human-facing applications as they may learn slowly and have poor early performance. To address this, we introduce a practical algorithm for incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Tong Mu , Georgios Theocharous , David Arbour , Emma Brunskill

Traffic signal control is of critical importance for the effective use of transportation infrastructures. The rapid increase of vehicle traffic and changes in traffic patterns make traffic signal control more and more challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Xingshuai Huang , Di Wu , Michael Jenkin , Benoit Boulet

Pretraining reinforcement learning (RL) models on offline datasets is a promising way to improve their training efficiency in online tasks, but challenging due to the inherent mismatch in dynamics and behaviors across various tasks. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Minting Pan , Yitao Zheng , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted increasing interest for adaptive traffic signal control due to its model-free ability to learn control policies directly from interaction with the traffic environment. However, several challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dickens Kwesiga , Angshuman Guin , Khaled Abdelghany , Michael Hunter

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a compelling data-driven paradigm for synthesizing controllers for complex systems when accurate physical models are unavailable; however, most existing control-oriented RL methods assume stationarity and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Austin Coursey , Abel Diaz-Gonzalez , Marcos Quinones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas