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Key for solving fine-grained image categorization is finding discriminate and local regions that correspond to subtle visual traits. Great strides have been made, with complex networks designed specifically to learn part-level discriminate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Dongliang Chang , Yifeng Ding , Jiyang Xie , Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Xiaoxu Li , Zhanyu Ma , Ming Wu , Jun Guo , Yi-Zhe Song

Loss functions are error metrics that quantify the difference between a prediction and its corresponding ground truth. Fundamentally, they define a functional landscape for traversal by gradient descent. Although numerous loss functions…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-09 Chaitanya Kaul , Nick Pears , Hang Dai , Roderick Murray-Smith , Suresh Manandhar

In response to the growing importance of geospatial data, its analysis including semantic segmentation becomes an increasingly popular task in computer vision today. Convolutional neural networks are powerful visual models that yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Alexey Bokhovkin , Evgeny Burnaev

Face recognition has achieved great progress owing to the fast development of the deep neural network in the past a few years. As an important part of deep neural networks, a number of the loss functions have been proposed which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Xin Wei , Hui Wang , Bryan Scotney , Huan Wan

Miscalibration - a mismatch between a model's confidence and its correctness - of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) makes their predictions hard to rely on. Ideally, we want networks to be accurate, calibrated and confident. We show that, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jishnu Mukhoti , Viveka Kulharia , Amartya Sanyal , Stuart Golodetz , Philip H. S. Torr , Puneet K. Dokania

Learning a powerful representation from point clouds is a fundamental and challenging problem in the field of computer vision. Different from images where RGB pixels are stored in the regular grid, for point clouds, the underlying semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Feng Yang , Yichao Cao , Qifan Xue , Shuai Jin , Xuanpeng Li , Weigong Zhang

Face recognition is an open-set problem requiring high discriminative power to ensure that intra-class distances remain smaller than inter-class distances. Margin-based softmax losses, such as SphereFace, CosFace, and ArcFace, have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jinhui Zheng , Xueyuan Gong

In recent years, deep natural image matting has been rapidly evolved by extracting high-level contextual features into the model. However, most current methods still have difficulties with handling tiny details, like hairs or furs. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Chang Liu , Henghui Ding , Xudong Jiang

Recent end-to-end deep neural networks for disparity regression have achieved the state-of-the-art performance. However, many well-acknowledged specific properties of disparity estimation are omitted in these deep learning algorithms.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Yang Chen , Zongqing Lu , Xuechen Zhang , Lei Chen , Qingmin Liao

Proper losses such as cross-entropy incentivize classifiers to produce class probabilities that are well-calibrated on the training data. Due to the generalization gap, these classifiers tend to become overconfident on the test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Viacheslav Komisarenko , Meelis Kull

With the increasing complexity of the traffic environment, the significance of safety perception in intelligent driving is intensifying. Traditional methods in the field of intelligent driving perception rely on deep learning, which suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Haobo Yang , Shiyan Zhang , Zhuoyi Yang , Xinyu Zhang , Jilong Guo , Zongyou Yang , Jun Li

In face recognition, designing margin-based (e.g., angular, additive, additive angular margins) softmax loss functions plays an important role in learning discriminative features. However, these hand-crafted heuristic methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Xiaobo Wang , Shuo Wang , Cheng Chi , Shifeng Zhang , Tao Mei

Learning discriminative representations is a central goal of supervised deep learning. While cross-entropy (CE) remains the dominant objective for classification, it does not explicitly enforce desirable geometric properties in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Matheus Vinícius Todescato , Joel Luís Carbonera

In many medical imaging and classical computer vision tasks, the Dice score and Jaccard index are used to evaluate the segmentation performance. Despite the existence and great empirical success of metric-sensitive losses, i.e. relaxations…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Tom Eelbode , Jeroen Bertels , Maxim Berman , Dirk Vandermeulen , Frederik Maes , Raf Bisschops , Matthew B. Blaschko

In neural networks, the loss function represents the core of the learning process that leads the optimizer to an approximation of the optimal convergence error. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) use the loss function as a supervisory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Riccardo La Grassa , Ignazio Gallo , Nicola Landro

Modern image retrieval systems increasingly rely on the use of deep neural networks to learn embedding spaces in which distance encodes the relevance between a given query and image. In this setting, existing approaches tend to emphasize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Andreas Veit , Kimberly Wilber

Micro-ultrasound (micro-US) is a promising imaging technique for cancer detection and computer-assisted visualization. This study investigates prostate capsule segmentation using deep learning techniques from micro-US images, addressing the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Kaniz Fatema , Vaibhav Thakur , Emad A. Mohammed

The current paradigm of training deep neural networks for classification tasks includes minimizing the empirical risk that pushes the training loss value towards zero, even after the training error has been vanished. In this terminal phase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Hien Dang , Tho Tran , Tan Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Medical image data are usually imbalanced across different classes. One-class classification has attracted increasing attention to address the data imbalance problem by distinguishing the samples of the minority class from the majority…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Long Gao , Chang Liu , Dooman Arefan , Ashok Panigrahy , Shandong Wu

Deep learning-based image fusion approaches have obtained wide attention in recent years, achieving promising performance in terms of visual perception. However, the fusion module in the current deep learning-based methods suffers from two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Dongyu Rao , Xiao-Jun Wu , Tianyang Xu , Guoyang Chen