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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a major neurotransmitter whose release from densely distributed serotonergic varicosities shapes plasticity and network integration throughout the brain, yet its extracellular dynamics remain poorly…
Membrane bending is an extensively studied problem from both modeling and experimental perspectives because of the wide implications of curvature generation in cell biology. Many of the curvature generating aspects in membranes can be…
Units of complex systems -- such as neurons in the brain or individuals in societies -- must communicate efficiently to function properly: e.g., allowing electrochemical signals to travel quickly among functionally connected neuronal areas…
Convergent extension of epithelial tissue is a key motif of animal morphogenesis. On a coarse scale, cell motion resembles laminar fluid flow; yet in contrast to a fluid, epithelial cells adhere to each other and maintain the tissue layer…
Diverse processes--e.g. bioremediation, biofertilization, and microbial drug delivery--rely on bacterial migration in disordered, three-dimensional (3D) porous media. However, how pore-scale confinement alters bacterial motility is unknown…
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks with high water content, widely employed in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Injectable, depot-forming hydrogels enable sustained…
Understanding the resilience of infrastructures such as transportation network has significant importance for our daily life. Recently, a homogeneous spatial network model was developed for studying spatial embedded networks with…
We present a theoretical and experimental study of light transport in disordered media with strongly heterogeneous distribution of scatterers formed via non-scattering regions. Step correlations induced by quenched disorder are found to…
Elastic network models (ENMs) are valuable and efficient tools for characterizing the collective internal dynamics of proteins based on the knowledge of their native structures. The increasing evidence that the biological functionality of…
Biological networks have evolved to be highly functional within uncertain environments while remaining extremely adaptable. One of the main contributors to the robustness and evolvability of biological networks is believed to be their…
Understanding how pore structure influences flow and transport behaviour in granular materials is essential for addressing a wide range of geotechnical, hydraulic, and environmental challenges. These processes are largely shaped by the…
Emulator embedded neural networks, which are a type of physics informed neural network, leverage multi-fidelity data sources for efficient design exploration of aerospace engineering systems. Multiple realizations of the neural network…
Directed and heterogeneous hypergraphs capture directional higher-order interactions with intrinsically asymmetric functional dependencies among nodes. As a result, damage to certain nodes can suppress entire hyperedges, whereas failure of…
We consider the economic dispatch (ED) for an Energy Internet composed of energy routers (ERs), interconnected microgrids and main grid. The microgrid consists of several bus nodes associated with distributed generators (DGs) and…
Soft biological tissues often have complex mechanical properties due to variation in structural components. In this paper, we develop a novel UNet-based neural network model for inversion in elasticity (El-UNet) to infer the spatial…
Intracellular protein patterns govern essential cellular functions by dynamically redistributing proteins between membrane-bound and cytosolic states, conserving their total numbers. This review presents a theoretical framework for…
Electrochemical energy systems rely on particulate porous electrodes to store or convert energies. While the three-dimensional porous structures were introduced to maximize the interfacial area for better overall performance of the system,…
The emergence of congestion is a critical phenomenon in transport systems. Transport is organized along pathways abstracted by links, which connect different nodes as regions to form the network. The modeling of traffic has so far mainly…
The past decade has witnessed the development and success of coarse-grained network models of proteins for predicting many equilibrium properties related to collective modes of motion. Curiously, the results are usually robust towards the…
Molecular networks guide the biochemistry of a living cell on multiple levels: its metabolic and signalling pathways are shaped by the network of interacting proteins, whose production, in turn, is controlled by the genetic regulatory…