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Full waveform inversion (FWI) has recently become a favorite technique for the inverse problem of finding properties in the earth from measurements of vibrations of seismic waves on the surface. Mathematically, FWI is PDE constrained…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-23 Björn Engquist , Yunan Yang

For numerous parameter and state estimation problems, assimilating new data as they become available can help produce accurate and fast inference of unknown quantities. While most existing algorithms for solving those kind of ill-posed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-28 Neil K. Chada , Marco A. Iglesias , Shuai Lu , Frank Werner

In our paper [SIAM J.\ Appl.~Math.\ 79-6 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1137/19M1269403] we considered full waveform inversion (FWI) in the viscoelastic regime. FWI entails the nonlinear inverse problem of recovering parameter functions of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Andreas Kirsch , Andreas Rieder

Full waveform inversion (FWI) iteratively updates the velocity model by minimizing the difference between observed and simulated data. Due to the high computational cost and memory requirements associated with global optimization…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-09-19 Xinru Mu , Omar M. Saad , Shaowen Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Efficient frequency-domain Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) of long-offset node data can be designed with a few discrete frequencies hence allowing for compact volume of data to be managed. Moreover, attenuation effects can be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-29 P. -H. Tournier , P. Jolivet , V. Dolean , H. S. Aghamiry , S. Operto , S. Riffo

As second-order methods, Gauss--Newton-type methods can be more effective than first-order methods for the solution of nonsmooth optimization problems with expensive-to-evaluate smooth components. Such methods, however, often do not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Jyrki Jauhiainen , Petri Kuusela , Aku Seppänen , Tuomo Valkonen

The Hessian matrix plays an important role in correct interpretation of the multiple scattered wave fields inside the FWI frame work. Due to the high computational costs, the computation of the Hessian matrix is not feasible. Consequently,…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-04-21 S. M. Aydin Shoja , Giovanni A. Meles , Kees Wapenaar

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a powerful wave-based imaging technique, but its inherent ill-posedness and non-convexity lead to local minima and poor convergence. Regularization methods stabilize FWI by incorporating prior information…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Gholami

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is used to reconstruct the physical properties of subsurface media which plays an important role in seismic exploration. However, the precision of FWI is seriously affected by the absence or inaccuracy of…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-04-29 Zheng Cong , Xintong Dong , Shaoping Lu , Shiqi Dong , Xunqian Tong

Ultrasonic imaging methods often assume linear direct models, while in reality, many nonlinear phenomena are present, e.g. multiple reflections. A family of imaging methods called Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), which has been developed in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Daniel Rossato , Thiago Alberto Rigo Passarin , Gustavo Pinto Pires , Daniel Rodrigues Pipa

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is capable of generating high-resolution subsurface parameter models, but it is susceptible to cycle-skipping when the data lack low-frequency. Unfortunately, the low-frequency components (< 5.0 Hz) are often…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-01-17 Shijun Cheng , Yi Wang , Qingchen Zhang , Randy Harsuko , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion is an ill-posed inverse problem whose solution non-uniqueness -- i.e., arising from band-limited, finite-aperture, noisy data -- calls for uncertainty quantification to avoid overconfident geological interpretations.…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Siahkoohi , Ali Gholami

Wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) has been considered a potential solution to the issue of local minima inherent in conventional full waveform inversion (FWI) methods. However, most current WRI research has been confined to 2D…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-25 Zhilong Fang , Jingjing Zong

We present Lift and Relax for Waveform Inversion (LRWI), an approach that mitigates the local minima issue in seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) via a combination of two convexification techniques. The first technique (Lift) extends the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Zhilong Fang , Laurent Demanet

Implicit full waveform inversion (IFWI) introduces implicit neural representations to parameterize the subsurface velocity model as a continuous function of spatial coordinates, which alleviates the dependence on the initial model and…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Zefeng Wang , Shijun Cheng , Weijian Mao , Wei Ouyang , Huanhuan Tang

This paper investigates unsupervised learning of Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI), which has been widely used in geophysics to estimate subsurface velocity maps from seismic data. This problem is mathematically formulated by a second order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Peng Jin , Xitong Zhang , Yinpeng Chen , Sharon Xiaolei Huang , Zicheng Liu , Youzuo Lin

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is able to construct high-resolution subsurface models by iteratively minimizing discrepancies between observed and simulated seismic data. However, its implementation can be rather involved for complex wave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Feng Liu , Haipeng Li , Guangyuan Zou , Junlun Li

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a promising technique for achieving high-resolution imaging in medical ultrasound. However, conventional FWI methods suffer from issues related to computational efficiency, dependence on initial models, and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Qiang Li , Heyu Ma , Chengcheng Liu , Dean Ta

Edema is a potential indicator of underlying pathological changes. However, its low-contrast signature is often masked in conventional B-mode imaging by strong scatterers, making reliable detection challenging. Ultrasound (US) provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Ruizhi Zhang , Yhonatan Kvich , Rui Guo , Oded Cohen , Yonina C. Eldar

This paper proposes a new method that combines check-pointing methods with error-controlled lossy compression for large-scale high-performance Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI), an inverse problem commonly used in geophysical exploration. This…