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Blocks-based programming has become the lingua franca for introductory coding. Studies have found that experience with blocks-based programming can help beginners learn more traditional text-based languages. We explore how blocks…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-06-27 David Bau , Jeff Gray , Caitlin Kelleher , Josh Sheldon , Franklyn Turbak

Block-based programming languages like Scratch have become increasingly popular as introductory languages for novices. These languages are intended to be used with a "tinkering" approach which allows learners and teachers to quickly…

Block-based environments are visual programming environments, which are becoming more and more popular because of their ease of use. The ease of use comes thanks to their intuitive graphical representation and structural metaphors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Mauricio Verano Merino , Jurgen Vinju , Mark van den Brand

Block-based programming languages enable young learners to quickly implement fun programs and games. The Scratch programming environment is particularly successful at this, with more than 50 million registered users at the time of this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Adina Deiner , Christoph Frädrich , Gordon Fraser , Sophia Geserer , Niklas Zantner

Learners are often introduced to programming via dedicated languages such as Scratch, where block-based commands are assembled visually in order to control the interactions of graphical sprites. Automated testing of such programs is an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Katharina Götz , Patric Feldmeier , Gordon Fraser

Block-based programming environments like Scratch are widely used in introductory programming courses. They facilitate learning pivotal programming concepts by eliminating syntactical errors, but logical errors that break the desired…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Patric Feldmeier , Gordon Fraser , Ute Heuer , Florian Obermüller , Siegfried Steckenbiller

Deep Learning (DL) techniques for Natural Language Processing have been evolving remarkably fast. Recently, the DL advances in language modeling, machine translation and paragraph understanding are so prominent that the potential of DL in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Triet H. M. Le , Hao Chen , M. Ali Babar

Statistical language modeling techniques have successfully been applied to source code, yielding a variety of new software development tools, such as tools for code suggestion and improving readability. A major issue with these techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Rafael-Michael Karampatsis , Charles Sutton

Existing language models such as n-grams for software code often fail to capture a long context where dependent code elements scatter far apart. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to build a language model for software code to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-10 Hoa Khanh Dam , Truyen Tran , Trang Pham

The importance of programming education has lead to dedicated educational programming environments, where users visually arrange block-based programming constructs that typically control graphical, interactive game-like programs. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Adina Deiner , Patric Feldmeier , Gordon Fraser , Sebastian Schweikl , Wengran Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have become an essential tool to support developers using traditional text-based programming languages, but the graphical notation of the block-based Scratch programming environment inhibits the use of LLMs. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Benedikt Fein , Florian Obermüller , Gordon Fraser

The large transformer-based language models demonstrate excellent performance in natural language processing. By considering the transferability of the knowledge gained by these models in one domain to other related domains, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chandra Thapa , Seung Ick Jang , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Josef Pieprzyk , Surya Nepal

This paper introduces and explores a new programming paradigm, Model-based Programming, designed to address the challenges inherent in applying deep learning models to real-world applications. Despite recent significant successes of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Meng Zheng

Recent studies have adopted pre-trained language models, such as CodeT5 and CodeGPT, for automated program generation tasks like code generation, repair, and translation. Numerous language model-based approaches have been proposed and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yonghui Liu , Li Li

This paper presents an in-depth investigation on integrating neural language models in translation systems. Scaling neural language models is a difficult task, but crucial for real-world applications. This paper evaluates the impact on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-23 Paul Baltescu , Phil Blunsom

Large language models (LLMs) and transformer-based architectures are increasingly utilized for source code analysis. As software systems grow in complexity, integrating LLMs into code analysis workflows becomes essential for enhancing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Hamed Jelodar , Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

Programming language modeling has attracted extensive attention in recent years, and it plays an essential role in program processing fields. Statistical language models, which are initially designed for natural languages, have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Fang Liu , Lu Zhang , Zhi Jin

Machine learning models that take computer program source code as input typically use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. However, a major challenge is that code is written using an open, rapidly changing vocabulary due to, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Milan Cvitkovic , Badal Singh , Anima Anandkumar

Syntax highlighting is a critical feature in modern software development environments, enhancing code readability and developer productivity. However, delivering accurate highlighting in real time remains challenging for online and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Marco Edoardo Palma , Pooja Rani , Harald C. Gall

Training and deploying the large language models requires a large mount of computational resource because the language models contain billions of parameters and the text has thousands of tokens. Another problem is that the large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yuanhao Gong
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