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Large Language Models (LLMs) typically represent numbers using multiple tokens, which requires the model to aggregate these tokens to interpret numerical values. This fragmentation makes both training and inference less efficient and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tianyi Zhou , Deqing Fu , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Robin Jia , Vatsal Sharan

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Quantum simulation has primarily focused on unitary dynamics, while many physical and engineering systems can be modeled by linear ordinary differential equations whose generators include non-Hermitian terms. Recent studies have shown that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Seonggeun Park

Decoherence-free subspace (DFS) provides a crucial mechanism for passive error mitigation in quantum computation by encoding information within symmetry-protected subspaces of the Hilbert space, which are immune from collective decoherence.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Zi-Ming Li , Yu-xi Liu

Advantages in several fields of research and industry are expected with the rise of quantum computers. However, the computational cost to load classical data in quantum computers can impose restrictions on possible quantum speedups. Known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Israel F. Araujo , Daniel K. Park , Francesco Petruccione , Adenilton J. da Silva

The Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) quantum algorithm for sampling from the solution of a linear system provides an exponential speed-up over its classical counterpart. The problem of solving a system of linear equations has a wide scope of…

Quantum entanglement is the cornerstone of quantum technology and enables quantum devices to outperform classical systems in terms of performance. However, detecting entanglement in high-dimensional systems remains a significant challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Mahmoud Mahdian , Zahra Mousavi

The formulation of quantum programs in terms of the fewest number of gate operations is crucial to retrieve meaningful results from the noisy quantum processors accessible these days. In this work, we demonstrate a use-case for Field…

Efficient and high-performance quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Low-depth random circuits offer a promising approach to identifying effective and practical encoding strategies. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Guoding Liu , Zhenyu Du , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Program implementation and simulation are essential for research in the field of quantum algorithms. However, complex and large-scale quantum algorithms can pose challenges for existing quantum programming languages and simulators. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Zhao-Yun Chen , Cheng Xue , Xi-Ning Zhuang , Tai-Ping Sun , Huan-Yu Liu , Ye Li , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Quantum cooling, a deterministic process that drives any state to the lowest eigenstate, has been widely used from studying ground state properties of chemistry and condensed matter quantum physics, to general optimization problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-06 Pei Zeng , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan

Quantum machine learning (QML) is promising for potential speedups and improvements in conventional machine learning (ML) tasks (e.g., classification/regression). The search for ideal QML models is an active research field. This includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-07 Mahabubul Alam , Swaroop Ghosh

Motivated by high resource costs of centralized machine learning schemes as well as data privacy concerns, federated learning (FL) emerged as an efficient alternative that relies on aggregating locally trained models rather than collecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yiyue Chen , Haris Vikalo , Chianing Wang

High-performance techniques to simulate quantum programs on classical hardware rely on exponentially large vectors to represent quantum states. When simulating quantum algorithms, the quantum states that occur are often sparse due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Samuel Jaques , Thomas Häner

Solving systems of linear equations is a key subroutine in many quantum algorithms. In the last 15 years, many quantum linear solvers (QLS) have been developed, competing to achieve the best asymptotic worst-case complexity. Most QLS assume…

With the tremendous success of deep learning, there exists imminent need to deploy deep learning models onto edge devices. To tackle the limited computing and storage resources in edge devices, model compression techniques have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sung-En Chang , Yanyu Li , Mengshu Sun , Weiwen Jiang , Runbin Shi , Xue Lin , Yanzhi Wang

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

This manuscript presents the Quantum Finite Element Method (Q-FEM) developed for use in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers and employs the variational quantum linear solver (VQLS) algorithm. The proposed method leverages the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Abhishek Arora , Benjamin M. Ward , Caglar Oskay

The conventional Quantum Fourier Transform, with exponential speedup compared to the classical Fast Fourier Transform, has played an important role in quantum computation as a vital part of many quantum algorithms (most prominently, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 S. S. Zhou , T. Loke , J. A. Izaac , J. B. Wang

Efficient quantum state preparation remains a central challenge in first-principles quantum simulations of dynamics in quantum field theories, where the Hilbert space is intrinsically infinite-dimensional. Here, we introduce a large…

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