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We propose a Laplacian based on general inner product spaces, which we call the inner product Laplacian. We show the combinatorial and normalized graph Laplacians, as well as other Laplacians for hypergraphs and directed graphs, are special…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Sinan G. Aksoy , Stephen J. Young

The smallest eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors (i.e., eigenpairs) of a graph Laplacian matrix have been widely used in spectral clustering and community detection. However, in real-life applications the number of clusters or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Pin-Yu Chen , Baichuan Zhang , Mohammad Al Hasan

We investigate a variational method for ill-posed problems, named $\texttt{graphLa+}\Psi$, which embeds a graph Laplacian operator in the regularization term. The novelty of this method lies in constructing the graph Laplacian based on a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Davide Bianchi , Davide Evangelista , Stefano Aleotti , Marco Donatelli , Elena Loli Piccolomini , Wenbin Li

Bi-stochastic normalization provides an alternative normalization of graph Laplacians in graph-based data analysis and can be computed efficiently by Sinkhorn-Knopp (SK) iterations. This paper proves the convergence of bi-stochastically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-19 Xiuyuan Cheng , Boris Landa

The use of Laplacian eigenfunctions is ubiquitous in a wide range of computer graphics and geometry processing applications. In particular, Laplacian eigenbases allow generalizing the classical Fourier analysis to manifolds. A key drawback…

Graphics · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Simone Melzi , Emanuele Rodolà , Umberto Castellani , Michael M. Bronstein

The construction of a meaningful graph plays a crucial role in the success of many graph-based representations and algorithms for handling structured data, especially in the emerging field of graph signal processing. However, a meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-23 Xiaowen Dong , Dorina Thanou , Pascal Frossard , Pierre Vandergheynst

We establish a symmetrization procedure in a context of general orthogonal expansions associated with a second order differential operator $L$, a `Laplacian'. Combined with a unified conjugacy scheme furnished in our earlier article it…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-06-07 Adam Nowak , Krzysztof Stempak

We generalize the definition and enumeration of spanning trees from the setting of graphs to that of arbitrary-dimensional simplicial complexes $\Delta$, extending an idea due to G. Kalai. We prove a simplicial version of the Matrix-Tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-05 Art M. Duval , Caroline J. Klivans , Jeremy L. Martin

Theoretical development and applications of graph signal processing (GSP) have attracted much attention. In classical GSP, the underlying structures are restricted in terms of dimensionality. A graph is a combinatorial object that models…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Feng Ji , Giacomo Kahn , Wee Peng Tay

Non-branching matrices are real matrices with entries in $\{-1,0,1\}$, where each row contains at most two non-zero entries. Such matrices naturally arise in the study of Laplacians of pseudomanifolds and cubical complexes. We show that a…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-12 Magnus Bakke Botnan , Rui Dong

Motivated by discrete Laplacian differential operators with various accuracy orders in numerical analysis, we introduce new matrices attached to a simple graph that can be considered graph Laplacians with higher accuracy. In particular, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Mary Yoon

We consider a generalization of the diffusion equation on graphs. This generalized diffusion equation gives rise to both normal and superdiffusive processes on infinite one-dimensional graphs. The generalization is based on the $k$-path…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-30 Ernesto Estrada , Ehsan Hameed , Naomichi Hatano , Matthias Langer

Simplicial synchronization reveals the role that topology and geometry have in determining the dynamical properties of simplicial complexes. Simplicial network geometry and topology are naturally encoded in the spectral properties of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-05-18 Ana Paula Millán , Juan G. Restrepo , Joaquín J. Torres , Ginestra Bianconi

We show that the (normalized) symmetric Laplacian of a simple graph can be obtained from the partial trace over a pure bipartite quantum state that resides in a bipartite Hilbert space (one part corresponding to the vertices, the other…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-08 David E. Simmons , Justin P. Coon , Animesh Datta

We study the spectral convergence of a symmetrized Graph Laplacian matrix induced by a Gaussian kernel evaluated on pairs of embedded data, sampled from a manifold with boundary, a sub-manifold of $\mathbb{R}^m$. Specifically, we deduce the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-20 J. Wilson Peoples , John Harlim

Recently, much of the existing work in manifold learning has been done under the assumption that the data is sampled from a manifold without boundaries and singularities or that the functions of interest are evaluated away from such points.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-29 Mikhail Belkin , Qichao Que , Yusu Wang , Xueyuan Zhou

In this work we introduce a concept of complexity for undirected graphs in terms of the spectral analysis of the Laplacian operator defined by the incidence matrix of the graph. Precisely, we compute the norm of the vector of eigenvalues of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Diego M. Mateos , Federico Morana , Hugo Aimar

This is a tutorial and survey paper for nonlinear dimensionality and feature extraction methods which are based on the Laplacian of graph of data. We first introduce adjacency matrix, definition of Laplacian matrix, and the interpretation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-09 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Learning a graph with a specific structure is essential for interpretability and identification of the relationships among data. It is well known that structured graph learning from observed samples is an NP-hard combinatorial problem. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-26 Sandeep Kumar , Jiaxi Ying , Jos'e Vin'icius de M. Cardoso , Daniel P. Palomar

We study Laplacians associated to a graph and single out a class of such operators with special regularity properties. In the case of locally finite graphs, this class consists of all selfadjoint, non-negative restrictions of the standard…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-05-07 Sebastian Haeseler , Matthias Keller , Daniel Lenz , Radosław Wojciechowski