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Text-to-image synthesis has recently attracted widespread attention due to rapidly improving quality and numerous practical applications. However, the language understanding capabilities of text-to-image models are still poorly understood,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Anton Baryshnikov , Max Ryabinin

In the last two years, text-to-image diffusion models have become extremely popular. As their quality and usage increase, a major concern has been the need for better output control. In addition to prompt engineering, one effective method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Clément Bonnet , Ariel N. Lee , Franck Wertel , Antoine Tamano , Tanguy Cizain , Pablo Ducru

The task of image captioning implicitly involves gender identification. However, due to the gender bias in data, gender identification by an image captioning model suffers. Also, the gender-activity bias, owing to the word-by-word…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Shruti Bhargava , David Forsyth

Text-to-Image Diffusion Models such as Stable-Diffusion and Imagen have achieved unprecedented quality of photorealism with state-of-the-art FID scores on MS-COCO and other generation benchmarks. Given a caption, image generation requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Samyadeep Basu , Nanxuan Zhao , Vlad Morariu , Soheil Feizi , Varun Manjunatha

We investigate the effect of automatically generated counter-stereotypes on gender bias held by users of various demographics on social media. Building on recent NLP advancements and social psychology literature, we evaluate two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Svetlana Kiritchenko , Anna Kerkhof , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

Gender stereotypes are pervasive beliefs about individuals based on their gender that play a significant role in shaping societal attitudes, behaviours, and even opportunities. Recognizing the negative implications of gender stereotypes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser , Anna Kerkhof , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models achieve impressive visual fidelity but inherit and amplify demographic imbalances and cultural biases embedded in training data. We introduce T2I-BiasBench, a unified evaluation framework of thirteen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Nihal Jaiswal , Siddhartha Arjaria , Gyanendra Chaubey , Ankush Kumar , Aditya Singh , Anchal Chaurasiya

In recent years we have seen rapid and significant progress in automatic image description but what are the open problems in this area? Most work has been evaluated using text-based similarity metrics, which only indicate that there have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Emiel van Miltenburg , Desmond Elliott

Text-to-image models often struggle to generate images that precisely match textual prompts. Prior research has extensively studied the evaluation of image-text alignment in text-to-image generation. However, existing evaluations primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Huixuan Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Bias in text-to-image (T2I) models can propagate unfair social representations and may be used to aggressively market ideas or push controversial agendas. Existing T2I model bias evaluation methods only focus on social biases. We look…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

When exposed to human-generated data, language models are known to learn and amplify societal biases. While previous works introduced benchmarks that can be used to assess the bias in these models, they rely on assumptions that may not be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Angana Borah , Aparna Garimella , Rada Mihalcea

Text-to-image generative models have shown remarkable progress in producing diverse and photorealistic outputs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of their effectiveness in creating synthetic portraits that accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Alexey A. Novikov , Miroslav Vranka , François David , Artem Voronin

Accurately measuring gender stereotypical bias in language models is a complex task with many hidden aspects. Current benchmarks have underestimated this multifaceted challenge and failed to capture the full extent of the problem. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mahdi Zakizadeh , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Text-to-image generation models that generate images based on prompt descriptions have attracted an increasing amount of attention during the past few months. Despite their encouraging performance, these models raise concerns about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zeyang Sha , Zheng Li , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang

While large text-to-image models are able to synthesize "novel" images, these images are necessarily a reflection of the training data. The problem of data attribution in such models -- which of the images in the training set are most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sheng-Yu Wang , Alexei A. Efros , Jun-Yan Zhu , Richard Zhang

Evaluating text-to-image generative models remains a challenge, despite the remarkable progress being made in their overall performances. While existing metrics like CLIPScore work for coarse evaluations, they lack the sensitivity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Georgia Gabriela Sampaio , Ruixiang Zhang , Shuangfei Zhai , Jiatao Gu , Josh Susskind , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

AI-based text-to-image models do not only excel at generating realistic images, they also give designers more and more fine-grained control over the image content. Consequently, these approaches have gathered increased attention within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Sebastian Hartwig , Dominik Engel , Leon Sick , Hannah Kniesel , Tristan Payer , Poonam Poonam , Michael Glöckler , Alex Bäuerle , Timo Ropinski

Developers of text generation models rely on automated evaluation metrics as a stand-in for slow and expensive manual evaluations. However, image captioning metrics have struggled to give accurate learned estimates of the semantic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Mert İnan , Piyush Sharma , Baber Khalid , Radu Soricut , Matthew Stone , Malihe Alikhani

Text-to-image generative models are capable of producing high-quality images that often faithfully depict concepts described using natural language. In this work, we comprehensively evaluate a range of text-to-image models on numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Ivana Kajić , Olivia Wiles , Isabela Albuquerque , Matthias Bauer , Su Wang , Jordi Pont-Tuset , Aida Nematzadeh

It has been shown that accurate representation in media improves the well-being of the people who consume it. By contrast, inaccurate representations can negatively affect viewers and lead to harmful perceptions of other cultures. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Zhixuan Liu , Youeun Shin , Beverley-Claire Okogwu , Youngsik Yun , Lia Coleman , Peter Schaldenbrand , Jihie Kim , Jean Oh