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Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

The notable gap between user-provided and model-preferred prompts poses a significant challenge for generating high-quality images with text-to-image models, compelling the need for prompt engineering. Current studies on prompt engineering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shiyu Wu , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Yequan Wang , Jing Liu

Large-scale language models (LMs) pretrained on massive corpora of text, such as GPT-2, are powerful open-domain text generators. However, as our systematic examination reveals, it is still challenging for such models to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Bowen Tan , Zichao Yang , Maruan AI-Shedivat , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

The rapid advancement of generative models has significantly enhanced the realism and customization of digital content creation. The increasing power of these tools, coupled with their ease of access, fuels the creation of photorealistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Francesco Laiti , Benedetta Liberatori , Thomas De Min , Elisa Ricci

Automatic prompt optimization is an important approach to improving the performance of large language models (LLMs). Recent research demonstrates the potential of using LLMs as prompt optimizers, which can generate improved task prompts via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Siyuan Lu , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Text-to-image diffusion models can generate diverse, high-fidelity images based on user-provided text prompts. Recent research has extended these models to support text-guided image editing. While text guidance is an intuitive editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Jooyoung Choi , Yunjey Choi , Yunji Kim , Junho Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Conditional generative models such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion generate images based on a user-defined text, the prompt. Finding and refining prompts that produce a desired image has become the art of prompt engineering. Generative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Niklas Deckers , Maik Fröbe , Johannes Kiesel , Gianluca Pandolfo , Christopher Schröder , Benno Stein , Martin Potthast

Prompt optimization improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) without requiring parameter updates to the target model. Following heuristic-based "Think step by step" approaches, the field has evolved in two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andreea Nica , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Mario Baldwin , Saibo Geng , Robert West

Recent prompt optimisation approaches use the generative nature of language models to produce prompts -- even rivaling the performance of human-curated prompts. In this paper, we demonstrate that randomly sampling tokens from the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yao Lu , Jiayi Wang , Raphael Tang , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

While automatic prompt generation methods have recently received significant attention, their robustness remains poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce PertBench, a comprehensive benchmark dataset that includes a wide range of input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zeru Shi , Zhenting Wang , Yongye Su , Weidi Luo , Hang Gao , Fan Yang , Ruixiang Tang , Yongfeng Zhang

Creative generation is the synthesis of new, surprising, and valuable samples that reflect user intent yet cannot be envisioned in advance. This task aims to extend human imagination, enabling the discovery of visual concepts that exist in…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shelly Golan , Yotam Nitzan , Zongze Wu , Or Patashnik

Diffusion models have exhibited substantial success in text-to-image generation. However, they often encounter challenges when dealing with complex and dense prompts involving multiple objects, attribute binding, and long descriptions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Mushui Liu , Yuhang Ma , Yang Zhen , Jun Dan , Yunlong Yu , Zeng Zhao , Zhipeng Hu , Bai Liu , Changjie Fan

Facial images have extensive practical applications. Although the current large-scale text-image diffusion models exhibit strong generation capabilities, it is challenging to generate the desired facial images using only text prompt. Image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Dawei Dai , Mingming Jia , Yinxiu Zhou , Hang Xing , Chenghang Li

The diffusion transformer (DiT) architecture has attracted significant attention in image generation, achieving better fidelity, performance, and diversity. However, most existing DiT - based image generation methods focus on global - aware…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhen Xiong , Yuqi Li , Chuanguang Yang , Tiao Tan , Zhihong Zhu , Siyuan Li , Yue Ma

Recent text-to-3D generation methods achieve impressive 3D content creation capacity thanks to the advances in image diffusion models and optimizing strategies. However, current methods struggle to generate correct 3D content for a complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xinhua Cheng , Tianyu Yang , Jianan Wang , Yu Li , Lei Zhang , Jian Zhang , Li Yuan

Customizing pre-trained text-to-image generation model has attracted massive research interest recently, due to its huge potential in real-world applications. Although existing methods are able to generate creative content for a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yufan Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Tong Sun

The performance of computer vision models in certain real-world applications (e.g., rare wildlife observation) is limited by the small number of available images. Expanding datasets using pre-trained generative models is an effective way to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Changjian Chen , Fei Lv , Yalong Guan , Pengcheng Wang , Shengjie Yu , Yifan Zhang , Zhuo Tang

While diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models provide a simple and powerful way to generate images, guiding this generation remains a challenge. For concepts that are difficult to describe through language, users may struggle to create…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-11 John Joon Young Chung , Eytan Adar

LLM-based prompt optimization, that uses LLM-provided "textual gradients" (feedback) to refine prompts, has emerged an effective method for automatic prompt engineering. However, its scalability and stability are unclear when using more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zixin Ding , Junyuan Hong , Zhan Shi , Jiachen T. Wang , Zinan Lin , Li Yin , Meng Liu , Zhangyang Wang , Yuxin Chen

With the advent of depth-to-image diffusion models, text-guided generation, editing, and transfer of realistic textures are no longer difficult. However, due to the limitations of pre-trained diffusion models, they can only create…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Zhibin Tang , Tiantong He