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Characteristic functions that are radially symmetric have a dual interpretation, as they can be used as the isotropic correlation functions of spatial random fields. Extensions of isotropic correlation functions from balls into…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Emilio Porcu , Samuel F Feng , Xavier Emery , Ana Paula Peron

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Teun D. H. van Nuland

The uniform infinite planar quadrangulation is an infinite random graph embedded in the plane, which is the local limit of uniformly distributed finite quadrangulations with a fixed number of faces. We study asymptotic properties of this…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-05 Jean-François Le Gall , Laurent Ménard

We contribute to a better understanding of the class of functions that can be represented by a neural network with ReLU activations and a given architecture. Using techniques from mixed-integer optimization, polyhedral theory, and tropical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Christoph Hertrich , Amitabh Basu , Marco Di Summa , Martin Skutella

The manifold hypothesis says that natural high-dimensional data lie on or around a low-dimensional manifold. The recent success of statistical and learning-based methods in very high dimensions empirically supports this hypothesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Universality is one of the key concepts in understanding critical phenomena. However, for interacting inhomogeneous systems described by complex networks a clear understanding of the relevant parameters for universality is still missing.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-22 Ana P. Millán , Giacomo Gori , Federico Battiston , Tilman Enss , Nicolò Defenu

Neural networks activated by the rectified linear unit (ReLU) play a central role in the recent development of deep learning. The topic of approximating functions from H\"older spaces by these networks is crucial for understanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Tong Mao , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In this work, we propose activation functions for neuronal networks that are refinable and sum the identity. This new class of activation functions allows the insertion of new layers between existing ones and/or the increase of neurons in a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Sergio López-Ureña

We introduce a class of fully-connected neural networks whose activation functions, rather than being pointwise, rescale feature vectors by a function depending only on their norm. We call such networks radial neural networks, extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Iordan Ganev , Twan van Laarhoven , Robin Walters

We generalize the classical universal approximation theorem for neural networks to the case of complex-valued neural networks. Precisely, we consider feedforward networks with a complex activation function $\sigma : \mathbb{C} \to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Felix Voigtlaender

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic distribution of the largest eigenvalues for some nonlinear random matrix ensemble stemming from the study of neural networks. More precisely we consider $M= \frac{1}{m} YY^\top$ with $Y=f(WX)$…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Lucas Benigni , Sandrine Péché

This paper studies the numerical approximation of divergence-free vector fields by linearized shallow neural networks, also referred to as random feature models or finite neuron spaces. Combining the stable potential lifting for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Juncai He , Xinliang Liu , Zitong Tian

A random network is grown by introducing at unit rate randomly selected nodes on the Euclidean space. A node is randomly connected to its $i$-th predecessor of degree $k_i$ with a directed link of length $\ell$ using a probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. S. Manna , Parongama Sen

This work studies the multi-task functional linear regression models where both the covariates and the unknown regression coefficients (called slope functions) are curves. For slope function estimation, we employ penalized splines to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Shiyuan He , Hanxuan Ye , Kejun He

Deep neural networks are highly expressive models that have recently achieved state of the art performance on speech and visual recognition tasks. While their expressiveness is the reason they succeed, it also causes them to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-02-20 Christian Szegedy , Wojciech Zaremba , Ilya Sutskever , Joan Bruna , Dumitru Erhan , Ian Goodfellow , Rob Fergus

Universal approximation theorems provide a mathematical explanation for the expressive power of neural networks. They assert that, under mild conditions on the activation function, feedforward neural networks are dense in broad function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee , Himasish Talukdar

We leverage the framework of hyperplane arrangements to analyze potential regions of (stable) fixed points. We provide an upper bound on the number of fixed points for multi-layer neural networks equipped with piecewise linear (PWL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Hans-Peter Beise

Infinite width limits of deep neural networks often have tractable forms. They have been used to analyse the behaviour of finite networks, as well as being useful methods in their own right. When investigating infinitely wide convolutional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-15 Adrià Garriga-Alonso , Mark van der Wilk

We consider neural network approximation spaces that classify functions according to the rate at which they can be approximated (with error measured in $L^p$) by ReLU neural networks with an increasing number of coefficients, subject to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-29 Philipp Grohs , Felix Voigtlaender

We survey recent classification theorems for expansive matrices that generate the same anisotropic homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin function space or sequence space. The function spaces are classified precisely by those matrices for which their…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Marcin Bownik , Jordy Timo van Velthoven
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