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One of the guaranteed features of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is the presence of Doppler anisotropies induced by the motion of the detector with respect to the rest frame of the SGWB source. We point out that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Giulia Cusin , Gianmassimo Tasinato

Estimating the parameters of gravitational wave signals detected by ground-based detectors requires an understanding of the properties of the detectors' noise. In particular, the most commonly used likelihood function for gravitational wave…

We propose a method for separating and detecting the non-tensor modes of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) using networks of space-based gravitational-wave detectors. We consider four distinct data-reconstruction schemes for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Bo Mu , Zong-Kuan Guo

We use the latest constraints on the population of stellar origin binary black holes (SOBBH) from LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) observations, to estimate the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) they generate in the frequency band of…

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have recently published the upper limit measurement of persistent directional stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on data from their first and second observing runs (O1 and O2). In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-08 Kate Ziyan Yang , Vuk Mandic , Claudia Scarlata , Sharan Banagiri

We constrain the primordial gravitational waves from cosmic microwave background (CMB) and stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) observations. SGWB provides the latest way to explore the early universe and the cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Jun Li , Guang-Hai Guo

Incredible progress on the theoretical uncertainty of the spatial correlations of the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background were recently made. However, it remains to realize the impact of this theoretical uncertainty on PTA cross…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-16 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Parity violation is a powerful observable to distinguish a cosmological background of Gravitational Waves (GWs) from an astrophysical one. Planar single GW interferometers, both on ground and in space, are unable to measure the net circular…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-02 Giorgio Orlando , Mauro Pieroni , Angelo Ricciardone

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is conventionally treated as a passive relic of its astrophysical and cosmological sources, with negligible back-reaction on the matter content of the Universe. Here we show that this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Manjia Liang , Peng Xu , Ruijun Shi , Zhoujian Cao , Ziren Luo , Minghui Du , Qiong Deng , Bo Liang , Jiaxiang Liang

Gravitational Wave (GW) data bring an exceptional avenue to test the underlying models of coalescing compact objects. In the regime of strong gravity and high curvature, they allow the exploration of minute deviations from the best-fit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-01 Guillaume Dideron , Suvodip Mukherjee , Luis Lehner

Methods for parameter estimation of gravitational-wave data assume that detector noise is stationary and Gaussian. Real data deviates from these assumptions, which causes bias in the inferred parameters and incorrect estimates of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-22 Ronaldas Macas , Andrew Lundgren

The difference ("mismatch") between two gravitational-wave (GW) signals is often used to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which they will be distinguishable in a measurement or, alternatively, when the errors in a signal model…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-13 Jonathan E. Thompson , Charlie Hoy , Edward Fauchon-Jones , Mark Hannam

Gravitational-wave (GW) parameter estimation typically assumes that instrumental noise is Gaussian and stationary. Obvious departures from this idealization are typically handled on a case-by-case basis, e.g., through bespoke procedures to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ronan Legin , Maximiliano Isi , Kaze W. K. Wong , Yashar Hezaveh , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur

Although the constraints on general relativity (GR) from each individual gravitational-wave (GW) event can be combined to form a cumulative estimate of the deviations from GR, the ever-increasing number of GW events used also leads to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-01 Chen Tan , Ke Wang

A stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) is expected to arise from the superposition of many independent and unresolved gravitational-wave signals, of either cosmological or astrophysical origin. Some cosmological models…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 S. G. Crowder , R. Namba , V. Mandic , S. Mukohyama , M. Peloso

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are essential tools for detecting the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), but their analysis faces significant computational challenges. Traditional methods like Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-30 Bo Liang , Chang Liu , Tianyu Zhao , Minghui Du , Manjia Liang , Ruijun Shi , Hong Guo , Yuxiang Xu , Li-e Qiang , Peng Xu , Wei-Liang Qian , Ziren Luo

Detection of a gravitational-wave stochastic background via ground or space-based gravitational-wave detectors requires the cross-correlation of the response of two or more independent detectors. The cross-correlation involves a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-06 Lee Samuel Finn , Shane L. Larson , Joseph D. Romano

The recent announcement of strong evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) by various pulsar timing array collaborations has highlighted this signal as a promising candidate for future observations. Despite its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-11 Leo Tsukada

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) created by astrophysical sources in the nearby Universe is likely to be anisotropic. Upper limits on SGWB anisotropy have been produced for all major data-taking runs by the ground-based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-18 Deepali Agarwal , Jishnu Suresh , Sanjit Mitra , Anirban Ain

We consider a search for the anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) that decomposes the sky map into its spherical harmonics components in order to obtain estimators of the angular power spectrum. Such a search often…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Erik Floden , Alex Granados , Vuk Mandic