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Training conversational question-answering (QA) systems requires a substantial amount of in-domain data, which is often scarce in practice. A common solution to this challenge is to generate synthetic data. Traditional methods typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Qian , Maximillian Chen , Siyan Li , Arpit Sharma , Zhou Yu

Synthetic data is a standard component in training large language models, yet systematic comparisons across design dimensions, including rephrasing strategy, generator model, and source data, remain absent. We conduct extensive controlled…

Educational chatbots are a promising tool for assisting student learning. However, the development of effective chatbots in education has been challenging, as high-quality data is seldom available in this domain. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Junling Wang , Jakub Macina , Nico Daheim , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Mrinmaya Sachan

The success of AI models relies on the availability of large, diverse, and high-quality datasets, which can be challenging to obtain due to data scarcity, privacy concerns, and high costs. Synthetic data has emerged as a promising solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ruibo Liu , Jerry Wei , Fangyu Liu , Chenglei Si , Yanzhe Zhang , Jinmeng Rao , Steven Zheng , Daiyi Peng , Diyi Yang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai

The increasing capability of large language models (LLMs) to generate synthetic content has heightened concerns about their misuse, driving the development of Machine-Generated Text (MGT) detection models. However, these detectors face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoyi Li , Angela Yifei Yuan , Soyeon Caren Han , Christopher Leckie

Large pre-trained language models have exhibited unprecedented capabilities in producing high-quality text via prompting techniques. This fact introduces new possibilities for data collection and annotation, particularly in situations where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Tiziano Labruna , Sofia Brenna , Andrea Zaninello , Bernardo Magnini

Prompting has become a practical method for utilizing pre-trained language models (LMs). This approach offers several advantages. It allows an LM to adapt to new tasks with minimal training and parameter updates, thus achieving efficiency…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Kai-Wei Chang , Haibin Wu , Yu-Kai Wang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hua Shen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Iu-thing Kang , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

In this paper, we propose MPC (Modular Prompted Chatbot), a new approach for creating high-quality conversational agents without the need for fine-tuning. Our method utilizes pre-trained large language models (LLMs) as individual modules…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Gibbeum Lee , Volker Hartmann , Jongho Park , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Kangwook Lee

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, exhibit advanced capabilities in generating text, images, and videos. However, their effective use remains constrained by challenges in prompt formulation, personalization, and opaque…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Si Thu , A. Baki Kocaballi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in natural language understanding and generation, making them valuable tools for enhancing conversational interactions. However, LLMs encounter challenges such as lacking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Guinan Su , Yanwu Yang , Jie Guo

Image captioning requires numerous annotated image-text pairs, resulting in substantial annotation costs. Recently, large models (e.g. diffusion models and large language models) have excelled in producing high-quality images and text. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Feipeng Ma , Yizhou Zhou , Fengyun Rao , Yueyi Zhang , Xiaoyan Sun

Imbuing machines with the ability to talk has been a longtime pursuit of artificial intelligence (AI) research. From the very beginning, the community has not only aimed to synthesise high-fidelity speech that accurately conveys the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Andreas Triantafyllopoulos , Björn W. Schuller

Prompt-tuning has become an increasingly popular parameter-efficient method for adapting large pretrained language models to downstream tasks. However, both discrete prompting and continuous prompting assume fixed prompts for all data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Runcheng Liu , Ahmad Rashid , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Pascal Poupart

With the rapid development of large language models, researchers have created increasingly advanced spoken dialogue systems that can naturally converse with humans. However, these systems still struggle to handle the full complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xize Cheng , Dongjie Fu , Xiaoda Yang , Minghui Fang , Ruofan Hu , Jingyu Lu , Bai Jionghao , Zehan Wang , Shengpeng Ji , Rongjie Huang , Linjun Li , Yu Chen , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao

Written Multi-Party Conversations (WMPCs) are widely studied across disciplines, with social media as a primary data source due to their accessibility. However, these datasets raise privacy concerns and often reflect platform-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Nicolò Penzo , Marco Guerini , Bruno Lepri , Goran Glavaš , Sara Tonelli

Collecting high-quality training data is essential for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs). However, acquiring such data is often costly and time-consuming, especially for non-English languages such as Italian. Recently, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Fatemeh Mohammadi , Tommaso Romano , Samira Maghool , Paolo Ceravolo

The increasing use of synthetic data generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) presents both opportunities and challenges in data-driven applications. While synthetic data provides a cost-effective, scalable alternative to real-world data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Tevin Atwal , Chan Nam Tieu , Yefeng Yuan , Zhan Shi , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng

This paper proposes a speech synthesis system that allows users to specify and control the acoustic characteristics of a speaker by means of prompts describing the speaker's traits of synthesized speech. Unlike previous approaches, our…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhengyang Chen , Xuechen Liu , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi , Yanmin Qian

This paper presents a systematic approach to using the Socratic method in developing prompt templates that effectively interact with large language models, including GPT-3. Various methods are examined, and those that yield precise answers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Edward Y. Chang