Related papers: Studying Therapy Effects and Disease Outcomes in S…
Heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) are commonly identified during randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Identifying subgroups of patients with similar treatment effects is of high interest in clinical research to advance precision…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides varying tissue contrast images of internal organs based on a strong magnetic field. Despite the non-invasive advantage of MRI in frequent imaging, the low contrast MR images in the target area make…
Patients in clinical studies often exhibit heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE). Classical subgroup analyses provide inferential tools to test for effect modification, while modern machine learning methods estimate the Conditional Average…
Histopathological images of tumors contain abundant information about how tumors grow and how they interact with their micro-environment. Better understanding of tissue phenotypes in these images could reveal novel determinants of…
An optical microscopic examination of thinly cut stained tissue on glass slides prepared from a FFPE tissue blocks is the gold standard for tissue diagnostics. In addition, the diagnostic abilities and expertise of any pathologist is…
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables the visualization of gene expression within the context of tissue morphology. This emerging discipline has the potential to serve as a foundation for developing tools to design precision medicines.…
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers are essential tools for reliable cancer diagnosis and subtyping. It requires cross-staining comparison among Whole Slide Images (WSIs) of IHCs and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. Currently,…
Estimating heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) for survival outcomes has gained increasing attention, as it captures the variation in treatment efficacy across patients or subgroups in delaying disease progression. However, most existing…
Medical Image Synthesis (MIS) plays an important role in the intelligent medical field, which greatly saves the economic and time costs of medical diagnosis. However, due to the complexity of medical images and similar characteristics of…
Generative models have been applied in the medical imaging domain for various image recognition and synthesis tasks. However, a more controllable and interpretable image synthesis model is still lacking yet necessary for important…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer progression, treatment response, and patient outcomes, yet large-scale, consistent, and quantitative TME characterization from routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained…
Intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) has a strong impact on the efficacy of the immune response against solid tumours. The number of sub-populations of cancer cells expressing different antigens and the percentage of immunogenic cells (i.e.…
Histopathological evaluation of tissue samples is a key practice in patient diagnosis and drug development, especially in oncology. Historically, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) has been used by pathologists as a gold standard staining.…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts cancer prognosis due to its immune composition. While therapies for altering the immune composition, including immunotherapies, have shown exciting results for treating hematological…
Accurate histological differentiation between adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is critical for personalized treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While [$^{18}$F]FDG PET/CT is a standard tool for the…
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a well-supported, evidence-based treatment for depression. However, patterns of response to this treatment are inconsistent. Emerging evidence suggests that artificial intelligence can…
Cross-modal augmentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and microscopic imaging based on the same tissue samples is promising because it can allow histopathological analysis in the absence of an underlying invasive biopsy procedure.…
While multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging provides deep, spatially-resolved molecular data, integrating this information with the morphological standard of Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) can be very important for obtaining complementary…
The interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) dictate therapeutic efficacy of radiation and many systemic therapies in breast cancer. However, to date, there is not a widely available method to reproducibly…
Bridging the gap between internal and external validity is crucial for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), favoured for their internal validity due to randomisation, often encounter challenges in…