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We propose a novel class of language models, Latent Thought Models (LTMs), which incorporate explicit latent thought vectors that follow an explicit prior model in latent space. These latent thought vectors guide the autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Deqian Kong , Minglu Zhao , Dehong Xu , Bo Pang , Shu Wang , Edouardo Honig , Zhangzhang Si , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Sirui Xie , Ying Nian Wu

Recently there has been a great deal of interest surrounding the calibration of quantum sensors using machine learning techniques. In this work, we explore the use of regression to infer a machine-learned point estimate of an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Samuel P. Nolan , Luca Pezzè , Augusto Smerzi

Statistical inference, a central tool of science, revolves around the study and the usage of statistical estimators: functions that map finite samples to predictions about unknown distribution parameters. In the frequentist framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Maxime Peyrard , Kyunghyun Cho

By transferring knowledge learned from seen/previous tasks, meta learning aims to generalize well to unseen/future tasks. Existing meta-learning approaches have shown promising empirical performance on various multiclass classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Jiechao Guan , Zhiwu Lu , Tao Xiang , Timothy Hospedales

Data-efficient learning algorithms are essential in many practical applications for which data collection is expensive, e.g., for the optimal deployment of wireless systems in unknown propagation scenarios. Meta-learning can address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Ivana Nikoloska , Osvaldo Simeone

In order to understand the in-context learning phenomenon, recent works have adopted a stylized experimental framework and demonstrated that Transformers can learn gradient-based learning algorithms for various classes of real-valued…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Satwik Bhattamishra , Arkil Patel , Phil Blunsom , Varun Kanade

Sequence modelling requires determining which past tokens are causally relevant from the context and their importance: a process inherent to the attention layers in transformers, yet whose underlying learned mechanisms remain poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Francesco D'Angelo , Nicolas Flammarion

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which trains neural network models to synthesize a wide variety of data in order to rapidly solve new problems. In process control, many systems have similar and well-understood dynamics, which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Daniel G. McClement , Nathan P. Lawrence , Johan U. Backstrom , Philip D. Loewen , Michael G. Forbes , R. Bhushan Gopaluni

Representation learning has been widely studied in the context of meta-learning, enabling rapid learning of new tasks through shared representations. Recent works such as MAML have explored using fine-tuning-based metrics, which measure the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Kurtland Chua , Qi Lei , Jason D. Lee

Meta-learning has been extensively applied in the domains of few-shot learning and fast adaptation, achieving remarkable performance. While Meta-learning methods like Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) and its variants provide a good set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Runxi Cheng , Yongxian Wei , Xianglong He , Wanyun Zhu , Songsong Huang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Chun Yuan

The paradigm of machine intelligence moves from purely supervised learning to a more practical scenario when many loosely related unlabeled data are available and labeled data is scarce. Most existing algorithms assume that the underlying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Zhenyi Wang , Li Shen , Le Fang , Qiuling Suo , Donglin Zhan , Tiehang Duan , Mingchen Gao

We propose to meta-learn causal structures based on how fast a learner adapts to new distributions arising from sparse distributional changes, e.g. due to interventions, actions of agents and other sources of non-stationarities. We show…

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) have been long considered an ideal, yet unscalable solution for improving the robustness and the predictive uncertainty of deep neural networks. While they could capture more accurately the posterior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Gianni Franchi , Andrei Bursuc , Emanuel Aldea , Severine Dubuisson , Isabelle Bloch

In sequence learning tasks such as language modelling, Recurrent Neural Networks must learn relationships between input features separated by time. State of the art models such as LSTM and Transformer are trained by backpropagation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Jeremy Gordon , David Rawlinson , Subutai Ahmad

Traditional machine learning techniques have achieved great success in improving data-rate performance and reducing latency in millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. However, these methods still face two key challenges: (i) their reliance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yuwen Cao , Wenqin Lu , Tomoaki Ohtsuki , Setareh Maghsudi , Xue-Qin Jiang , Charalampos C. Tsimenidis

Deep neural state-space models (SSMs) provide a powerful tool for modeling dynamical systems solely using operational data. Typically, neural SSMs are trained using data collected from the actual system under consideration, despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Ankush Chakrabarty , Gordon Wichern , Christopher R. Laughman

Graphical models are powerful tools for modeling high-dimensional data, but learning graphical models in the presence of latent variables is well-known to be difficult. In this work we give new results for learning Restricted Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Frederic Koehler

Deep learning has shown impressive results in a variety of time series forecasting tasks, where modeling the conditional distribution of the future given the past is the essence. However, when this conditional distribution is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Siqi Liu , Andreas Lehrmann

Time series prediction with deep learning methods, especially long short-term memory neural networks (LSTMs), have scored significant achievements in recent years. Despite the fact that the LSTMs can help to capture long-term dependencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Youru Li , Zhenfeng Zhu , Deqiang Kong , Hua Han , Yao Zhao

In this paper, we address the problem of reference tracking for uncertain nonlinear systems. Since collecting data from the target system (i.e., the system of interest) is often challenging, our objective is to design optimal controllers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiaqi Yan , Ankush Chakrabarty , Niklas Schmid , John Lygeros , Alisa Rupenyan