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Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims at learning to classify new classes continually from limited samples without forgetting the old classes. The mainstream framework tackling FSCIL is first to adopt the cross-entropy (CE) loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Zeyin Song , Yifan Zhao , Yujun Shi , Peixi Peng , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to continually learn new classes using a few samples while not forgetting the old classes. The key of this task is effective knowledge transfer from the base session to the incremental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ye Wang , Yaxiong Wang , Guoshuai Zhao , Xueming Qian

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) faces dual challenges of data scarcity and incremental learning in real-world scenarios. While pool-based prompting methods have demonstrated success in traditional incremental learning, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yongwei Jiang , Yixiong Zou , Yuhua Li , Ruixuan Li

Continual learning (or class incremental learning) is a realistic learning scenario for computer vision systems, where deep neural networks are trained on episodic data, and the data from previous episodes are generally inaccessible to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Aditya R. Bhattacharya , Debanjan Goswami , Shayok Chakraborty

Graph Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (GFSCIL) enables models to continually learn from limited samples of novel tasks after initial training on a large base dataset. Existing GFSCIL approaches typically utilize Prototypical Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jinhui Pang , Changqing Lin , Hao Lin , Zhihui Zhang , Weiping Ding , Yu Liu , Xiaoshuai Hao

In the scenario of class-incremental learning (CIL), deep neural networks have to adapt their model parameters to non-stationary data distributions, e.g., the emergence of new classes over time. However, CIL models are challenged by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Depeng Li , Zhigang Zeng

The Nearest Class Mean (NCM) classifier is widely favored in Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) for its superior resistance to catastrophic forgetting compared to Fully Connected layers. While Neural Collapse (NC) theory supports NCM's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Huiyu Yi , Zhiming Xu , Dunwei Tu , Zhicheng Wang , Baile Xu , Furao Shen

Real-world applications often face data privacy constraints and high acquisition costs, making the assumption of sufficient training data in incremental tasks unrealistic and leading to significant performance degradation in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Liang Bai , Hong Song , Jinfu Li , Yucong Lin , Jingfan Fan , Tianyu Fu , Danni Ai , Deqiang Xiao , Jian Yang

A recent study has shown a phenomenon called neural collapse in that the within-class means of features and the classifier weight vectors converge to the vertices of a simplex equiangular tight frame at the terminal phase of training for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Zhisheng Zhong , Jiequan Cui , Yibo Yang , Xiaoyang Wu , Xiaojuan Qi , Xiangyu Zhang , Jiaya Jia

Deep models, e.g., CNNs and Vision Transformers, have achieved impressive achievements in many vision tasks in the closed world. However, novel classes emerge from time to time in our ever-changing world, requiring a learning system to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Da-Wei Zhou , Qi-Wei Wang , Zhi-Hong Qi , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Ziwei Liu

In Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) an image classification system is exposed to new classes in each learning session and must be updated incrementally. Methods approaching this problem have updated both the classification head and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Aristeidis Panos , Yuriko Kobe , Daniel Olmeda Reino , Rahaf Aljundi , Richard E. Turner

Neural collapse describes the geometry of activation in the final layer of a deep neural network when it is trained beyond performance plateaus. Open questions include whether neural collapse leads to better generalization and, if so, why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Siwei Wang , Stephanie E Palmer

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to continuously recognize novel classes under limited data, which suffers from the key stability-plasticity dilemma: balancing the retention of old knowledge with the acquisition of new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kexin Bao , Daichi Zhang , Yong Li , Dan Zeng , Shiming Ge

With the memory-resource-limited constraints, class-incremental learning (CIL) usually suffers from the "catastrophic forgetting" problem when updating the joint classification model on the arrival of newly added classes. To cope with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Hanbin Zhao , Hui Wang , Yongjian Fu , Fei Wu , Xi Li

Multi-Class Incremental Learning (MCIL) aims to learn new concepts by incrementally updating a model trained on previous concepts. However, there is an inherent trade-off to effectively learning new concepts without catastrophic forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yaoyao Liu , Yuting Su , An-An Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

We consider class incremental learning (CIL) problem, in which a learning agent continuously learns new classes from incrementally arriving training data batches and aims to predict well on all the classes learned so far. The main challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Hongjoon Ahn , Jihwan Kwak , Subin Lim , Hyeonsu Bang , Hyojun Kim , Taesup Moon

When training deep neural networks for classification tasks, an intriguing empirical phenomenon has been widely observed in the last-layer classifiers and features, where (i) the class means and the last-layer classifiers all collapse to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Jinxin Zhou , Xiao Li , Tianyu Ding , Chong You , Qing Qu , Zhihui Zhu

Incremental class learning involves sequentially learning classes in bursts of examples from the same class. This violates the assumptions that underlie methods for training standard deep neural networks, and will cause them to suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Ronald Kemker , Christopher Kanan

Online continual learning suffers from an underfitted solution due to insufficient training for prompt model update (e.g., single-epoch training). To address the challenge, we propose an efficient online continual learning method using the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Minhyuk Seo , Hyunseo Koh , Wonje Jeung , Minjae Lee , San Kim , Hankook Lee , Sungjun Cho , Sungik Choi , Hyunwoo Kim , Jonghyun Choi

Neural collapse (NC) is a simple and symmetric phenomenon for deep neural networks (DNNs) at the terminal phase of training, where the last-layer features collapse to their class means and form a simplex equiangular tight frame aligning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Sicong Wang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang