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Entropy production and the detailed fluctuation theorem are of fundamental importance for thermodynamic processes. In this paper, we study the multiple entropy production for multitime quantum processes in a unified framework. For closed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Zhiqiang Huang

The Fluctuation Theorem (FT) gives an analytic expression for the probability, in a nonequilibrium system of finite size observed for a finite time, that the dissipative flux will flow in the reverse direction to that required by the Second…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-10 Gary Ayton , Denis J. Evans , Debra J. Searles

The Integral Fluctuation Theorem for entropy production (IFT) is among the few equalities that are known to be valid for physical systems arbitrarily driven far from equilibrium. Microscopically, it can be understood as an inherent symmetry…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-21 Francesco Coghi , Lorenzo Buffoni , Stefano Gherardini

Small systems in contact with a heat bath evolve by stochastic dynamics. Here we show that, when one such small system is weakly coupled to another one, it is possible to infer the presence of such weak coupling by observing the violation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-07 Deepak Gupta , Sanjib Sabhapandit

We present a general framework for deriving entropy production rates (EPRs) in active matter systems driven by non-Gaussian active fluctuations. Employing the probability-flow equivalence technique, we rigorously obtain an entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-12 Yuanfei Huang , Chengyu Liu , Bing Miao , Xiang Zhou

Fluctuation Theorem(FT) has been studied as far from equilibrium theorem, which relates the symmetry of entropy production. To investigate the application of this theorem, especially to biological physics, we consider the FT for tilted…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. Monnai

Fluctuation theorems are key to understanding both fundamental and applied aspects of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of small systems. We study the non-Markovian entropy production fluctuation theorem for the diffusion process of charged…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-06 K. S. Rodríguez-Vigil , M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani , J. I. Jiménez-Aquino

Turbulent flows are out-of-equilibrium because the energy supply at large scales and its dissipation by viscosity at small scales create a net transfer of energy among all scales. Here, the energy cascade is approximated by a combined…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-11 Amilcare Porporato , Milad Hooshyar , Andrew D Bragg , Gabriel Katul

The authors of Ref. [1] claim to have experimental verification of violations of the second law of thermodynamics based on the assertions: (i) "for large systems and over long times the entropy production rate is necessarily positive"; (ii)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-20 Elias P. Gyftopoulos

We derive an exact expression for entropy production during effusion of an ideal gas driven by momentum transfer in addition to energy and particle flux. Following the treatment in Phys. Rev. E Vol. 74, 021117 (2006), we construct a master…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kevin Wood , C. Van den Broeck , R. Kawai , Katja Lindenberg

In thermodynamics, entropy production and work quantify irreversibility and the consumption of useful energy, respectively, when a system is driven out of equilibrium. For quantum systems, these quantities can be identified at the…

We consider stochastic rotational dynamics of a macrospin at a constant temperature, in presence of an external magnetic field. Starting from the appropriate Langevin equation which contains multiplicative noise, we calculate entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-01-15 Swarnali Bandopadhyay , Debasish Chaudhuri , A. M. Jayannavar

The validity of the fluctuation theorem for entropy production as deduced from the observation of trajectories implicitly requires that all slow degrees of freedom are accessible. We experimentally investigate the role of hidden slow…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-06-11 Jakob Mehl , Boris Lander , Clemens Bechinger , Valentin Blickle , Udo Seifert

Heat, work and entropy production: the statistical distribution of such quantities are constrained by the fluctuation theorems (FT), which reveal crucial properties about the nature of non-equilibrium dynamics. In this paper we report…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-15 K. Khan , J. Sales Araújo , W. F. Magalhães , G. H. Aguilar , B. de Lima Bernardo

The entropy generation rate in turbulence can be defined using the energy cascade rate as described in the scale-integrated Kolmogorov-Hill equation at a specified length scale. The fluctuation relation (FR) from non-equilibrium…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-04 Hanxun Yao , Tamer A. Zaki , Charles Meneveau

The limit of small entropy production is reached in relaxing systems long after preparation, and in stationary driven systems in the limit of small driving power. Surprisingly, for extended systems this limit is not in general the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Leticia F. Cugliandolo , Jorge Kurchan

We show that for stochastic dynamical systems out of equilibrium the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation equality is bounded by a function of the entropy production. The result applies to a much wider situation than `near equilibrium',…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-01-23 Leticia F. Cugliandolo , David S. Dean , Jorge Kurchan

Fluctuation theorems allow one to make generalised statements about the behaviour of thermodynamic quantities in systems that are driven far from thermal equilibrium. In this article we use Crooks' fluctuation theorem to understand the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 M. J. Kewming , S. Shrapnel

Fluctuation theorems have elevated the second law of thermodynamics to a statistical realm by establishing a connection between time-forward and time-reversal probabilities, providing invaluable insight into nonequilibrium dynamics. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Hui Li , Jie Xie , Hyukjoon Kwon , Yixin Zhao , M. S. Kim , Lijian Zhang

By numerical simulation of a Lennard-Jones like liquid driven by a velocity gradient \gamma we test the fluctuation relation (FR) below the (numerical) glass transition temperature T_g. We show that, in this region, the FR deserves to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Zamponi , G. Ruocco , L. Angelani