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This report documents safety assurance argument templates to support the deployment and operation of autonomous systems that include machine learning (ML) components. The document presents example safety argument templates covering: the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Robin Bloomfield , Gareth Fletcher , Heidy Khlaaf , Luke Hinde , Philippa Ryan

Fatal accidents are a major issue hindering the wide acceptance of safety-critical systems that employ machine learning and deep learning models, such as automated driving vehicles. In order to use machine learning in a safety-critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Hiroshi Kuwajima , Hirotoshi Yasuoka , Toshihiro Nakae

Machine Learning (ML) has been widely applied to cybersecurity and is considered state-of-the-art for solving many of the open issues in that field. However, it is very difficult to evaluate how good the produced solutions are, since the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Fabrício Ceschin , Marcus Botacin , Albert Bifet , Bernhard Pfahringer , Luiz S. Oliveira , Heitor Murilo Gomes , André Grégio

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable attention for their remarkable abilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their widespread adoption has raised concerns pertaining to trust and safety.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Doohee You , Dan Chon

In recent years, curial incidents and accidents have been reported due to un-intended control caused by misjudgment of statistical machine learning (SML), which include deep learning. The international functional safety standards for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Akihisa Morikawa , Yutaka Matsubara

Machine Learning (ML) seems to be one of the most promising solution to automate partially or completely some of the complex tasks currently realized by humans, such as driving vehicles, recognizing voice, etc. It is also an opportunity to…

Fatal accidents are a major issue hindering the wide acceptance of safety-critical systems using machine-learning and deep-learning models, such as automated-driving vehicles. Quality assurance frameworks are required for such machine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Hiroshi Kuwajima , Hirotoshi Yasuoka , Toshihiro Nakae

Background: As Machine Learning (ML) advances rapidly in many fields, it is being adopted by academics and businesses alike. However, ML has a number of different challenges in terms of maintenance not found in traditional software…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Karthik Shivashankar , Antonio Martini

In recent years, the number of machine learning (ML) technologies gaining regulatory approval for healthcare has increased significantly allowing them to be placed on the market. However, the regulatory frameworks applied to them were…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Shakir Laher , Carla Brackstone , Sara Reis , An Nguyen , Sean White , Ibrahim Habli

System security assurance provides the confidence that security features, practices, procedures, and architecture of software systems mediate and enforce the security policy and are resilient against security failure and attacks. Alongside…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Ankur Shukla , Basel Katt , Livinus Obiora Nweke , Prosper Kandabongee Yeng , Goitom Kahsay Weldehawaryat

Machine Learning (ML) is now used in a range of systems with results that are reported to exceed, under certain conditions, human performance. Many of these systems, in domains such as healthcare , automotive and manufacturing, exhibit high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Richard Hawkins , Colin Paterson , Chiara Picardi , Yan Jia , Radu Calinescu , Ibrahim Habli

Ensuring safety and explainability of machine learning (ML) is a topic of increasing relevance as data-driven applications venture into safety-critical application domains, traditionally committed to high safety standards that are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Koorosh Aslansefat , Ioannis Sorokos , Declan Whiting , Ramin Tavakoli Kolagari , Yiannis Papadopoulos

Context: Machine Learning (ML) has become widely adopted as a component in many modern software applications. Due to the large volumes of data available, organizations want to increasingly leverage their data to extract meaningful insights…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Hira Naveed , Chetan Arora , Hourieh Khalajzadeh , John Grundy , Omar Haggag

Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as an attractive and viable technique to provide effective solutions for a wide range of application domains. An important application domain is vehicular networks wherein ML-based approaches are found to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Anum Talpur , Mohan Gurusamy

Machine Learning (ML) is used in critical highly regulated and high-stakes fields such as finance, medicine, and transportation. The correctness of these ML applications is important for human safety and economic benefit. Progress has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sheng Wong , Scott Barnett , Jessica Rivera-Villicana , Anj Simmons , Hala Abdelkader , Jean-Guy Schneider , Rajesh Vasa

In this paper we present the first safe system for full control of self-driving vehicles trained from human demonstrations and deployed in challenging, real-world, urban environments. Current industry-standard solutions use rule-based…

Machine learning has evolved into an enabling technology for a wide range of highly successful applications. The potential for this success to continue and accelerate has placed machine learning (ML) at the top of research, economic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Rob Ashmore , Radu Calinescu , Colin Paterson

Countless domains rely on Machine Learning (ML) models, including safety-critical domains, such as autonomous driving, which this paper focuses on. While the black box nature of ML is simply a nuisance in some domains, in safety-critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lynn Vonderhaar , Timothy Elvira , Tyler Procko , Omar Ochoa

Traffic management systems play a vital role in ensuring safe and efficient transportation on roads. However, the use of advanced technologies in traffic management systems has introduced new safety challenges. Therefore, it is important to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-14 Wenlu Du , Ankan Dash , Jing Li , Hua Wei , Guiling Wang

Modern systems are built using development frameworks. These frameworks have a major impact on how the resulting system executes, how configurations are managed, how it is tested, and how and where it is deployed. Machine learning (ML)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Yang Ren , Gregory Gay , Christian Kästner , Pooyan Jamshidi