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We publish the first NIR spectra of grain particulate mixtures of water ice, epsomite, and halite at cryogenic temperatures. Furthermore, we perform a quantitative assessment of the ability of both intimately- and linearly-mixed models to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-20 Jodi Berdis , Carlie Wagoner , Akemi Takeuchi , Karl Hibbitts

Radiative transfer calculations are essential for modeling planetary atmospheres. However, standard methods are computationally demanding and impose accuracy-speed trade-offs. High computational costs force numerical simplifications in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Isaac Malsky , Tiffany Kataria , Natasha E. Batalha , Matthew Graham

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy is a powerful imaging technique for studying materials beyond the diffraction limit. However, interpreting near-field measurements poses challenges in mapping the response of…

In pump-probe spectroscopy, one often needs to analyse the transmission or reflection of electromagnetic waves through optically pumped media. Here, it is common practice to approximate the analysis in order to extract non-equilibrium…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-26 Peter Karlsen , Euan Hendry

We present a semi-analytical model to simulate bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) spectra of a rough slab layer containing impurities. This model has been optimized for fast computation in order to analyze hyperspectral…

The time series of light reflected from exoplanets by future direct imaging can provide spatial information with respect to the planetary surface. We apply sparse modeling to the retrieval method that disentangles the spatial and spectral…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Atsuki Kuwata , Hajime Kawahara , Masataka Aizawa , Takayuki Kotani , Motohide Tamura

This paper describes various approaches to modeling a random process with a given rational power spectral density. The main attention is paid to the spectral form of mathematical description, which allows one to obtain a relation for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-28 Konstantin A. Rybakov

Minerals detection over large volume of spectra is the challenge addressed by current hyperspectral imaging spectrometer in Planetary Science. Instruments such OMEGA (Mars Express), CRISM (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), M^{3}…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-04-14 Schmidt Frederic , Legendre Maxime , Le Mouelic Stephane

We study the standard spectral line radiative transfer equation for media consisting of resonant atoms and non-resonant components (the dust grains and the atoms without considered spectral transition). Our goal is to study the intensity…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-21 N. A. Silant'ev , G. A. Alekseeva , V. V. Novikov

We are using computer models to explore the observational sensitivity to changes in atmospheric and surface properties, and the detectability of biosignatures, in the globally averaged spectra and light-curves of the Earth. Using AIRS…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 G. Tinetti , V. S. Meadows , D. Crisp , W. Fong , N. Kiang , E. Fishbein , T. Velusamy , E. Bosc , M. Turnbull

Though the dependence of near-field radiative transfer on the gap between two planar objects is well understood, that between curved objects is still unclear. We show, based on the analysis of the surface polariton mediated radiative…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-04-22 Karthik Sasihithlu , Arvind Narayanaswamy

From orbit, the visibility of Titan's surface is limited to a handful of narrow spectral windows in the near-infrared (near-IR), primarily from the absorption of methane gas. This has limited the ability to identify specific compounds on…

Hyper-spectral data can be analyzed to recover physical properties at large planetary scales. This involves resolving inverse problems which can be addressed within machine learning, with the advantage that, once a relationship between…

Applications · Statistics 2015-12-31 Antoine Deleforge , Florence Forbes , Sileye Ba , Radu Horaud

Thanks to the advances in modern instrumentation we have learned about many exoplanets that span a wide range of masses and composition. Studying their atmospheres provides insight into planetary origin, evolution, dynamics, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-18 D. Shulyak , M. Rengel , A. Reiners , U. Seemann , F. Yan

Incoherently illuminated or luminescent objects give rise to a low-contrast speckle-like pattern when observed through a thin diffusive medium, as such a medium effectively convolves their shape with a speckle-like point spread function…

We discuss the radiative transfer theory for translucent clouds illuminated by an extended background source. First we derive a rigorous solution based on the assumption that multiple scattering produce an isotropic flux. Then we derive a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-10 Davide Biganzoli , Marco Potenza , Massimo Robberto

Parameterizing radiative transfer in means navigating trade-offs between physical accuracy and conceptual clarity. However, currently available schemes sit at the extremes of this spectrum: correlated-k schemes are fast and accurate but…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Andrew I. L. Williams

We describe a technique for deriving effective temperatures, surface gravities, rotation velocities, and radial velocities from high resolution near-IR spectra. The technique matches the observed near-IR spectra to spectra synthesized from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. W. Doppmann , D. T. Jaffe

In this paper we discuss two approximate methods previously suggested for modeling hyperfine spectral line emission for molecules whose collisional transitions rates between hyperfine levels are unknown. Hyperfine structure is seen in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Eric Keto , George Rybicki

A rigorous mathematical model and an efficient computational method are proposed to solving the inverse elastic surface scattering problem which arises from the near-field imaging of periodic structures. We demonstrate how an enhanced…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Huaian Diao , Peijun Li , Xiaokai Yuan