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Large language model (LLM) based services are primarily structured as client-server interactions, with clients sending queries directly to cloud providers that host LLMs. This approach currently compromises data privacy as all queries must…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Karthik Garimella , Negar Neda , Austin Ebel , Nandan Kumar Jha , Brandon Reagen

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables calculating on encrypted data, which makes it possible to perform privacypreserving neural network inference. One disadvantage of this technique is that it is several orders of magnitudes slower than…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Wouter Legiest , Jan-Pieter D'Anvers , Furkan Turan , Michiel Van Beirendonck , Ingrid Verbauwhede

Due to the rising privacy demand in data mining, Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is receiving more and more attention recently for its capability to do computations over the encrypted field. By using the HE technique, it is possible to securely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-20 Junyi Li , Heng Huang

Advances in computer vision have brought us to the point where we have the ability to synthesise realistic fake content. Such approaches are seen as a source of disinformation and mistrust, and pose serious concerns to governments around…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Tharindu Fernando , Clinton Fookes , Simon Denman , Sridha Sridharan

We present automatically parameterised Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for encrypted neural network inference and exemplify our inference over FHE compatible neural networks with our own open-source framework and reproducible examples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 George Onoufriou , Marc Hanheide , Georgios Leontidis

Nowadays most research in visual recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) follows the "deeper model with deeper confidence" belief to gain a higher recognition accuracy. At the same time, deeper model brings heavier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Mohammad Farhadi , Mehdi Ghasemi , Yezhou Yang

Content-addressable memories such as Modern Hopfield Networks (MHN) have been studied as mathematical models of auto-association and storage/retrieval in the human declarative memory, yet their practical use for large-scale content storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Satyananda Kashyap , Niharika S. D'Souza , Luyao Shi , Ken C. L. Wong , Hongzhi Wang , Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) are powerful tools for deep learning on heterogeneous graphs. Typical HGNNs require repetitive message passing during training, limiting efficiency for large-scale real-world graphs. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jun Hu , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in deep learning on graphs. They can learn effective node representations that achieve superior performances in graph analysis tasks such as node classification and node clustering.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Jianxin Li , Hao Peng , Yuwei Cao , Yingtong Dou , Hekai Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Lifang He

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a set of powerful cryptographic schemes that allows computation to be performed directly on encrypted data with an unlimited depth. Despite FHE's promising in privacy-preserving computing, yet in most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Huang , Xinsheng Gong , Xiangyu Kong , Dibei Chen , Jianfeng Zhu , Wenping Zhu , Liangwei Li , Mingyu Gao , Shaojun Wei , Aoyang Zhang , Leibo Liu

This paper presents a proper generalized decomposition (PGD) based reduced-order model of hierarchical deep-learning neural networks (HiDeNN). The proposed HiDeNN-PGD method keeps both advantages of HiDeNN and PGD methods. The automatic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Lei Zhang , Ye Lu , Shaoqiang Tang , Wing Kam Liu

The widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions introduces privacy and security concerns. Techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) mitigate this problem by allowing computation over encrypted data without the need for decryption.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mpoki Mwaisela , Joel Hari , Peterson Yuhala , Jämes Ménétrey , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

In recent years, the CNNs have achieved great successes in the image processing tasks, e.g., image recognition and object detection. Unfortunately, traditional CNN's classification is found to be easily misled by increasingly complex image…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Xingyao Zhang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Chenhao Xie , Jing Wang , Weigong Zhang , Xin Fu

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) enables distributed training of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models by sharing model gradients instead of raw data. However, these gradients can still expose sensitive user information. To enhance privacy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Lukas Böhm , Arjhun Swaminathan , Anika Hannemann , Erik Buchmann

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic method that guarantees the privacy and security of user data during computation. FHE algorithms can perform unlimited arithmetic computations directly on encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Charles Gouert , Vinu Joseph , Steven Dalton , Cedric Augonnet , Michael Garland , Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

Machine Learning (ML) is making its way into fields such as healthcare, finance, and Natural Language Processing (NLP), and concerns over data privacy and model confidentiality continue to grow. Privacy-preserving Machine Learning (PPML)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kalyan Cheerla , Lotfi Ben Othmane , Kirill Morozov

The cost involved in training deep neural networks (DNNs) on von-Neumann architectures has motivated the development of novel solutions for efficient DNN training accelerators. We propose a hybrid in-memory computing (HIC) architecture for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Vinay Joshi , Wangxin He , Jae-sun Seo , Bipin Rajendran

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, offering strong cryptographic guarantees for secure and privacy-preserving data storage and query execution. However, despite its theoretical power, practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boram Jung , Yuliang Li , Hung-Wei Tseng

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) seek to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) with deep learning. Mainstream approaches that deploy fully-connected multi-layer deep learning architectures require prolonged training to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shaghayegh Fazliani , Zachary Frangella , Madeleine Udell

Homomorphic encryption (HE) and secret sharing (SS) enable computations on encrypted data, providing significant privacy benefits for large transformer-based models (TBM) in sensitive sectors like medicine and finance. However, private TBM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yuntian Chen , Zhanyong Tang , Tianpei Lu , Bingsheng Zhang , Zhiying Shi , Zheng Wang