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Deep neural network (DNN)-based policy models, such as vision-language-action (VLA) models, excel at automating complex decision-making from multi-modal inputs. However, scaling these models greatly increases computational overhead,…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a widely adopted technique for compressing and accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs). The major challenge in LLM quantization is that uneven and heavy-tailed data distributions can expand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Xing Hu , Yuan Cheng , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Jiangyong Yu , Chen Xu , Zhe Jiang , Sifan Zhou

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models exhibit remarkable action generation for embodied intelligence, but their heavy compute make deployment on edge platforms impractical. Aggressive, sub-4-bit weight quantization is the natural solution,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Arash Akbari , Arman Akbari , Masih Eskandar , Qitao Tan , Yixiao Chen , Jingwu Luo , Bertha Pangaribuan , Liyun Zhang , Jennifer Dy , Geng Yuan , Xue Lin , Gaowen Liu , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang

Post-training quantization (PTQ), which only requires a tiny dataset for calibration without end-to-end retraining, is a light and practical model compression technique. Recently, several PTQ schemes for vision transformers (ViTs) have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zhikai Li , Junrui Xiao , Lianwei Yang , Qingyi Gu

Emergent Large Language Models (LLMs) use their extraordinary performance and powerful deduction capacity to discern from traditional language models. However, the expenses of computational resources and storage for these LLMs are stunning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Yuting Xiao , Zhiyuan Xiang , Ruiting Dai , Jun Cheng

This paper does not describe a novel method. Instead, it studies a straightforward, incremental, yet must-know baseline given the recent progress in computer vision: self-supervised learning for Vision Transformers (ViT). While the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Xinlei Chen , Saining Xie , Kaiming He

Monotone operator equilibrium networks are implicit-layer models whose output is the unique equilibrium of a monotone operator, guaranteeing existence, uniqueness, and convergence. When deployed on low-precision hardware, weights are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 James Li , Philip H. W. Leong , Thomas Chaffey

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently garnered considerable attention, emerging as a promising alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in several vision-related applications. However, their large model sizes and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Dayou Du , Gu Gong , Xiaowen Chu

Learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with low bitwidth is challenging because performance may drop significantly after quantization. Prior arts often discretize the network weights by carefully tuning hyper-parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Chaofan Tao , Rui Lin , Quan Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities. However, their massive parameter scale leads to significant resource consumption and latency during inference. Post-training weight-only quantization offers a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhikai Li , Zhen Dong , Xuewen Liu , Jing Zhang , Qingyi Gu

We address the critical gap between the computational demands of vision-language models and the possible ultra-low-bit weight precision (bitwidth $\leq2$ bits) we can use for higher efficiency. Our work is motivated by the substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xijun Wang , Junyun Huang , Rayyan Abdalla , Chengyuan Zhang , Ruiqi Xian , Dinesh Manocha

Dynamic runtime latency and memory constraints necessitate flexible large language model (LLM) deployment, where an LLM can be inferred with various quantization precisions based on available computational resources. Recent work on such…

Quantization techniques commonly reduce the inference costs of neural networks by restricting the precision of weights and activations. Recent studies show that also reducing the precision of the accumulator can further improve hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ian Colbert , Alessandro Pappalardo , Jakoba Petri-Koenig , Yaman Umuroglu

Ever-growing scale of large language models (LLMs) is pushing for improved efficiency, favoring fully quantized training (FQT) over BF16. While FQT accelerates training, it faces consistency challenges and requires searching over an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Myeonghwan Ahn , Sungjoo Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance in solving complex language tasks. However, its large number of parameters presents significant challenges for the deployment. So, compressing LLMs to low bits can enable to deploy on…

Network quantization is a powerful technique to compress convolutional neural networks. The quantization granularity determines how to share the scaling factors in weights, which affects the performance of network quantization. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zhihang Yuan , Yiqi Chen , Chenhao Xue , Chenguang Zhang , Qiankun Wang , Guangyu Sun

This study investigates how weight decay affects the update behavior of individual neurons in deep neural networks through a combination of applied analysis and experimentation. Weight decay can cause the expected magnitude and angular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Atli Kosson , Bettina Messmer , Martin Jaggi

Efficiently deploying deep neural networks on low-resource edge devices is challenging due to their ever-increasing resource requirements. To address this issue, researchers have proposed multiplication-free neural networks, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xinlin Li , Bang Liu , Rui Heng Yang , Vanessa Courville , Chao Xing , Vahid Partovi Nia

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical approach to compress large neural networks, making them highly efficient for deployment. However, effectively reducing these models to their low-bit counterparts without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aozhong Zhang , Zi Yang , Naigang Wang , Yingyong Qi , Jack Xin , Xin Li , Penghang Yin