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Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models are widely used to represent causal relationships among random variables in many application domains. This paper studies a special class of non-Gaussian DAG models, where the conditional variance of each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-03 Wei Zhou , Xin He , Wei Zhong , Junhui Wang

Learning the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a central problem in causal discovery, statistical signal processing, and machine learning. Under a linear Gaussian structural equation model (SEM) with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hamed Ajorlou , Samuel Rey , Gonzalo Mateos , Geert Leus , Antonio G. Marques

In this article, we propose a new hypothesis testing method for directed acyclic graph (DAG). While there is a rich class of DAG estimation methods, there is a relative paucity of DAG inference solutions. Moreover, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-25 Chengchun Shi , Yunzhe Zhou , Lexin Li

Directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models are a powerful tool for representing causal relationships among jointly distributed random variables, especially concerning data from across different experimental settings. However, it is not always…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Francisco Madaleno , Pratik Misra , Alex Markham

In Bayesian structure learning, we are interested in inferring a distribution over the directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure of Bayesian networks, from data. Defining such a distribution is very challenging, due to the combinatorially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Tristan Deleu , António Góis , Chris Emezue , Mansi Rankawat , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Stefan Bauer , Yoshua Bengio

A Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model that consists of a directed acyclic graph (DAG), where each node is a random variable and attached to each node is a conditional probability distribution (CPD). A Bayesian network can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Charupriya Sharma , Zhenyu A. Liao , James Cussens , Peter van Beek

We present a novel perspective and algorithm for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data generated by a linear structural equation model (SEM). First, we show that a linear SEM can be viewed as a linear transform that, in prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Panagiotis Misiakos , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

Probabilistic graphical models are graphical representations of probability distributions. Graphical models have applications in many fields including biology, social sciences, linguistic, neuroscience. In this paper, we propose directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-10 Ru Wang , Jie Peng

A Bayesian Network is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) on a set of $n$ random variables (the vertices); a Bayesian Network Distribution (BND) is a probability distribution on the random variables that is Markovian on the graph. A finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Spencer L. Gordon , Bijan Mazaheri , Yuval Rabani , Leonard J. Schulman

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models, also called Bayesian networks, impose conditional independence constraints on a multivariate probability distribution, and are widely used in probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Robin J. Evans

Graph-structured data ubiquitously appears in science and engineering. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to exploit the relational inductive bias exhibited in graphs; they have been shown to outperform other forms of neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Veronika Thost , Jie Chen

This paper investigates in which cases continuous optimization for directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure learning can and cannot perform well and why this happens, and suggests possible directions to make the search procedure more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ignavier Ng , Biwei Huang , Kun Zhang

Learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is long known a critical challenge at the core of probabilistic and causal modeling. The NoTears approach of (Zheng et al., 2018), through a differentiable function involving the matrix exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shuyu Dong , Michèle Sebag

Without any assumptions about data generation, multiple causal models may explain our observations equally well. To avoid selecting a single arbitrary model that could result in unsafe decisions if it does not match reality, it is therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Tristan Deleu

The search space of Bayesian Network structures is usually defined as Acyclic Directed Graphs (DAGs) and the search is done by local transformations of DAGs. But the space of Bayesian Networks is ordered by DAG Markov model inclusion and it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Tomas Kocka , Robert Castelo

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) encode a lot of information about a particular distribution in their structure. However, compute required to infer these structures is typically super-exponential in the number of variables, as inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jeroen Berrevoets , Nabeel Seedat , Fergus Imrie , Mihaela van der Schaar

A structural equation model (SEM) is an effective framework to reason over causal relationships represented via a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Recent advances have enabled effective maximum-likelihood point estimation of DAGs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Chris Cundy , Aditya Grover , Stefano Ermon

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used for modeling causal relationships, dependencies, and flows in various systems. However, spectral analysis becomes impractical in this setting because the eigendecomposition of the adjacency matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ljubisa Stankovic , Milos Dakovic , Ali Bagheri Bardi , Milos Brajovic , Isidora Stankovic

Causal discovery aims to uncover causal structure among a set of variables. Score-based approaches mainly focus on searching for the best Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based on a predefined score function. However, most of them are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Wenqian Li , Yinchuan Li , Shengyu Zhu , Yunfeng Shao , Jianye Hao , Yan Pang