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Related papers: The Born Rule -- Axiom or Result?

200 papers

The possibility to recover the which-way information, for example in the two slit experiment, is based on a natural but implicit assumption about the position of a particle {\it before} a position measurement is performed on it. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Bruno Galvan

The very old problem of the statistical content of quantum mechanics (QM) is studied in a novel framework. The Born's rule (one of the basic postulates of QM) is derived from theory of classical random signals. We present a measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-29 Andrei Khrennikov

The Born rule asserts the probability distribution of eigenstates observed in unbiased quantum measurements, but the reason it holds remains elusive. This manuscript discusses how the Born rule might be explained by Schrodinger equation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Frank Torres

The impossibility of describing measurement in quantum mechanics while using a quantum mechanical model for the measurement machine, remains one of its central problems. Objective collapse theories attempt to resolve this problem by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Lotte Mertens , Matthijs Wesseling , Jasper van Wezel

We formalize the hidden measurement approach within the very general notion of an interactive probability model. We narrow down the model by assuming the state space of a physical entity is a complex Hilbert space and introduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Aerts

It is shown that violation of the Born Rule leads to a breakdown of the correspondence between the quantum electromagnetic field and its classical counterpart. Specifically, the relationship of the quantum coherent state to the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 R. E. Kastner

According to Born's rule quantum probabilities are given by the overlap between the system state and measurement states in a quite symmetrical way. This means that both contribute to any observed nonclassical effect that is usually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-21 Alfredo Luis , Laura Ares

Left on its own, a quantum state evolves deterministically under the Schr\"odinger Equation, forming superpositions. Upon measurement, however, a stochastic process governed by the Born rule collapses it to a single outcome. This dual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Anderson A. Tomaz , Rafael S. Mattos , Mario Barbatti

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Kohtaro Tadaki

The black hole information problem has motivated many proposals for new physics. One idea, known as state-dependence, is that quantum mechanics must be generalized to describe the physics of black holes, and that fixed linear operators do…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Donald Marolf , Joseph Polchinski

Quantum mechanics traditionally places the observer outside of the system being studied and employs the Born interpretation. In this and related papers the observer is placed inside the system. To accomplish this, special rules are required…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A. Mould

We formulate a discrete two-state stochastic process with elementary rules that give rise to Born statistics and reproduce the probabilities from the Schr\"odinger equation under an associated Hamiltonian matrix, which we identify. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Themis Matsoukas

QBism pursues the real by first eliminating the elements of quantum theory too fragile to be ontologies on their own. Thereafter, it seeks an "ontological lesson" from whatever remains. Here, we explore this program by highlighting three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Christopher A. Fuchs , Blake C. Stacey

Logical inference leads to one of the major interpretations of probability theory called logical interpretation, in which the probability is seen as a measure of the plausibility of a logical statement under incomplete information. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Tsubasa Ichikawa

While the Born rule is traditionally introduced as a separate postulate of quantum mechanics, we show it emerges naturally from a modified Schr\"odinger equation that includes "small-signal truncation". This parallels the way quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Martin Weidner

The paper discuss the structure of quantum mechanics and uniqueness of its postulates. The Born rule for quantum probabilities is fixed by requirement of nonexistence of quantum telepathy. Von Neumann projection postulate describes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Mikhail G. Ivanov

The auxiliary rules of quantum mechanics have always included the Born rule that connects probability with square modulus. This need not be the case, for it is possible to introduce probability into the theory through probability current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A Mould

The nRules are empirical regularities that were discovered in macroscopic situations where the outcome is known. When they are projected theoretically into the microscopic domain they predict a novel ontology including the frequent collapse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Richard A Mould

Quantum mechanics has lacked a widely recognized interpretation since its birth. Many of these are still under consideration because interpretations are tough or impossible to disprove experimentally. We show how to distinguish…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-29 Jakub M. Ratajczak

To solve the probability problem of the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, D.Wallace has presented a formal proof of the Born rule via decision theory, as proposed by D.Deutsch. The idea is to get subjective probabilities from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 André L. G. Mandolesi