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The Normalizing Flow (NF) models a general probability density by estimating an invertible transformation applied on samples drawn from a known distribution. We introduce a new type of NF, called Deep Diffeomorphic Normalizing Flow (DDNF).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-26 Hadi Salman , Payman Yadollahpour , Tom Fletcher , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Normalizing flows (NFs) have become a prominent method for deep generative models that allow for an analytic probability density estimation and efficient synthesis. However, a flow-based network is considered to be inefficient in parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Sang-gil Lee , Sungwon Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Normalizing flows (NF) are a class of powerful generative models that have gained popularity in recent years due to their ability to model complex distributions with high flexibility and expressiveness. In this work, we introduce a new type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jonas Köhler , Michele Invernizzi , Pim de Haan , Frank Noé

Normalizing flows model complex probability distributions by combining a base distribution with a series of bijective neural networks. State-of-the-art architectures rely on coupling and autoregressive transformations to lift up invertible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

The distinctive architectural features of normalizing flows (NFs), notably bijectivity and tractable Jacobians, make them well-suited for generative modeling. Invertible neural networks (INNs) build on these principles to address supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Mohammad Javad Khojasteh , Ananya Acharya , Tony Tohme , Kamal Youcef-Toumi

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are widely used in deep generative models for their exact likelihood estimation and efficient sampling. However, they require substantial memory since the latent space matches the input dimension. Multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Wei Chen , Shian Du , Shigui Li , Delu Zeng , John Paisley

Real-world data with underlying structure, such as pictures of faces, are hypothesized to lie on a low-dimensional manifold. This manifold hypothesis has motivated state-of-the-art generative algorithms that learn low-dimensional data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-28 Edmond Cunningham , Renos Zabounidis , Abhinav Agrawal , Madalina Fiterau , Daniel Sheldon

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple base density. Flows based on either coupling or autoregressive transforms both offer exact density evaluation and sampling, but rely on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-03 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

The sampling of probability distributions specified up to a normalization constant is an important problem in both machine learning and statistical mechanics. While classical stochastic sampling methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Hao Wu , Jonas Köhler , Frank Noé

Bayesian posterior inference is prevalent in various machine learning problems. Variational inference provides one way to approximate the posterior distribution, however its expressive power is limited and so is the accuracy of resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Guoqing Zheng , Yiming Yang , Jaime Carbonell

Fluid-structure interaction is common in engineering and natural systems, where floating-body motion is governed by added mass, drag, and background flows. Modeling these dissipative dynamics is difficult: black-box neural models regress…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tianshuo Zhang , Wenzhe Zhai , Rui Yann , Jia Gao , He Cao , Xianglei Xing

Fair representation learning is an attractive approach that promises fairness of downstream predictors by encoding sensitive data. Unfortunately, recent work has shown that strong adversarial predictors can still exhibit unfairness by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Mislav Balunović , Anian Ruoss , Martin Vechev

We introduce Neural Conjugate Flows (NCF), a class of neural network architectures equipped with exact flow structure. By leveraging topological conjugation, we prove that these networks are not only naturally isomorphic to a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Arthur Bizzi , Lucas Nissenbaum , João M. Pereira

The field of general-purpose robotics has recently embraced powerful probabilistic diffusion-based models to learn the complex embodiment behaviours. However, existing models often come with significant trade-offs, namely high computational…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jialong Li , Simon Kristoffersson Lind , Wenrui Xie , Maj Stenmark , Volker Krüger

Normalizing Flows are a promising new class of algorithms for unsupervised learning based on maximum likelihood optimization with change of variables. They offer to learn a factorized component representation for complex nonlinear data and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Reuben Feinman , Nikhil Parthasarathy

Normalizing flows are generative models that provide tractable density estimation via an invertible transformation from a simple base distribution to a complex target distribution. However, this technique cannot directly model data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-15 Brendan Leigh Ross , Jesse C. Cresswell

Identifying the intrinsic coordinates or modes of the dynamical systems is essential to understand, analyze, and characterize the underlying dynamical behaviors of complex systems. For nonlinear dynamical systems, this presents a critical…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-27 Abdolvahhab Rostamijavanani , Shanwu Li , Yongchao Yang

A normalizing flow is an invertible mapping between an arbitrary probability distribution and a standard normal distribution; it can be used for density estimation and statistical inference. Computing the flow follows the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Derek Onken , Samy Wu Fung , Xingjian Li , Lars Ruthotto

Normalising Flows are non-parametric statistical models characterised by their dual capabilities of density estimation and generation. This duality requires an inherently invertible architecture. However, the requirement of invertibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Eshant English , Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert

Estimating physical parameters from data is a crucial application of machine learning (ML) in the physical sciences. However, systematic uncertainties, such as detector miscalibration, induce data distribution distortions that can erode…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-05-14 Ibrahim Elsharkawy , Yonatan Kahn