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In gate-defined semiconductor spin qubits, the highly tunable Heisenberg exchange interaction is leveraged to implement fermionic two-qubit gates such as CZ and SWAP. However, the broader family of fermionic simulation (fSim) gates remains…

The simulation of quantum many-body systems, relevant for quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics, is one of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computers before fault-tolerance. However, since the vast majority of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Arash Jafarizadeh , Frank Pollmann , Adam Gammon-Smith

We propose a versatile and efficient algorithmic framework for optimizing fermion-to-qubit mappings by generalizing the idea of randomized block coordinate descent. Our greedy approach, termed Randomized Subsystem Descent, iteratively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Gengzhi Yang , Di Wu , Haizhao Yang , Xiaodi Wu , Ji Liu

We present a classical simulation method for fermionic quantum systems which, without loss of generality, can be represented by parity-preserving circuits made of two-qubit gates in a brick-wall structure. We map such circuits to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Carolin Wille , Sergii Strelchuk

Achieving an accurate description of fermionic systems typically requires considerably many more orbitals than fermions. Previous resource analyses of quantum chemistry simulation often failed to exploit this low fermionic number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Sam McArdle , Earl Campbell , Yuan Su

Simulating molecular systems on quantum computers requires efficient mappings from Fermionic operators to qubit operators. Traditional mappings such as Jordan-Wigner or Bravyi-Kitaev often produce high-weight Pauli terms, increasing circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 James Brown , Tarini S Hardikar , Kenny Heitritter , Kanav Setia

Simulation of interacting fermionic Hamiltonians is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. However, the feasibility of analysing fermionic systems with a quantum computer hinges on the efficiency of fermion-to-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Jeffery Yu , Yuan Liu , Sho Sugiura , Troy Van Voorhis , Sina Zeytinoğlu

Simulating fermionic systems on a quantum computer requires representing fermionic states using qubits. The complexity of many simulation algorithms depends on the complexity of implementing rotations generated by fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Joseph Carolan , Luke Schaeffer

We investigate the performance and accuracy of digital quantum algorithms for the study of static and dynamic properties of the fermionic Hubbard model at half-filling with next-nearest neighbour hopping terms. We provide quantum circuits…

Simulating many-body fermionic systems in conventional qubit-based quantum computers poses significant challenges due to the overheads associated with the encoding of fermionic statistics in qubits, leading to the proposal of native…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Ahana Ghoshal , Carlos de Gois , Kiara Hansenne , Otfried Gühne , Hai-Chau Nguyen

Simulating computationally hard fermionic systems is a promising application of quantum computing. However, mapping nonlocal fermionic operators to qubits often produces deep circuits, rendering such simulations impractical on near-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 D. E. Fisher , S. A. Fldzhyan , D. V. Minaev , S. S. Straupe , M. Yu. Saygin

We discuss encodings of fermionic many-body systems by qubits in the presence of symmetries. Such encodings eliminate redundant degrees of freedom in a way that preserves a simple structure of the system Hamiltonian enabling quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Kristan Temme

Local Hamiltonians of fermionic systems on a lattice can be mapped onto local qubit Hamiltonians. Maintaining the locality of the operators comes at the expense of increasing the Hilbert space with auxiliary degrees of freedom. In order to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Jannes Nys , Giuseppe Carleo

We study a proof-of-principle example of the recently proposed hybrid quantum-classical simulation of strongly correlated fermion models in the thermodynamic limit. In a "two-site" dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) approach we reduce the…

Simulating the properties of many-body fermionic systems is an outstanding computational challenge relevant to material science, quantum chemistry, and particle physics. Although qubit-based quantum computers can potentially tackle this…

We conduct a systematic study of quantum circuits composed of multiple-control $Z$-rotation (MCZR) gates as primitives, since they are widely-used components in quantum algorithms and also have attracted much experimental interest in recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Shihao Zhang , Junda Wu , Lvzhou Li

This article proposes a formalism which unifies Hamiltonian simulation techniques from different fields. This formalism leads to a competitive method to construct the Hamiltonian simulation with a comprehensible, simple-to-implement circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Robin Ollive , Stephane Louise

Mappings between fermions and qubits are valuable constructions in physics. To date only a handful exist. In addition to revealing dualities between fermionic and spin systems, such mappings are indispensable in any quantum simulation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Charles Derby , Joel Klassen

We propose and analyze an approach to realize quantum computation and simulation using fermionic particles under quantum gas microscopes. Our work is inspired by a recent experimental demonstration of large-scale quantum registers, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Xiangkai Sun , Di Luo , Soonwon Choi

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Xiangyu Ren , Mengyu Zhang , Antonio Barbalace