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Despite the remarkable success of transformer-based models in various real-world tasks, their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that transformers can implement gradient descent as an in-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Xingwu Chen , Lei Zhao , Difan Zou

Hypergraph Convolutional Neural Networks (HGCNNs) have demonstrated their potential in modeling high-order relations preserved in graph-structured data. However, most existing convolution filters are localized and determined by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Jiying Zhang , Yuzhao Chen , Xi Xiao , Runiu Lu , Shu-Tao Xia

Understanding the transformer architecture and its workings is essential for machine learning (ML) engineers. However, truly understanding the transformer architecture can be demanding, even if you have a solid background in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen

The dominant sequence transduction models are based on complex recurrent or convolutional neural networks in an encoder-decoder configuration. The best performing models also connect the encoder and decoder through an attention mechanism.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Ashish Vaswani , Noam Shazeer , Niki Parmar , Jakob Uszkoreit , Llion Jones , Aidan N. Gomez , Lukasz Kaiser , Illia Polosukhin

Transformer based models have shown remarkable capabilities in sequence learning across a wide range of tasks, often performing well on specific task by leveraging input-output examples. Despite their empirical success, a comprehensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yifan Hao , Chenlu Ye , Chi Han , Tong Zhang

Hopf representation is a module and comodule with a consistency condition that is more general than the consistency condition of Hopf modules. For a Hopf algebra $H$, we construct an induced Hopf representation from a representation of a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-03 Ibrahim Saleh

Many machine learning tasks such as multiple instance learning, 3D shape recognition, and few-shot image classification are defined on sets of instances. Since solutions to such problems do not depend on the order of elements of the set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Juho Lee , Yoonho Lee , Jungtaek Kim , Adam R. Kosiorek , Seungjin Choi , Yee Whye Teh

When trained on language data, do transformers learn some arbitrary computation that utilizes the full capacity of the architecture or do they learn a simpler, tree-like computation, hypothesized to underlie compositional meaning systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shikhar Murty , Pratyusha Sharma , Jacob Andreas , Christopher D. Manning

Transformers have emerged as a powerful neural network architecture capable of tackling a wide range of learning tasks. In this work, we provide a theoretical analysis of their ability to automatically extract structure from data in an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-29 Rodrigo Maulen-Soto , Pierre Marion , Claire Boyer

In this technical note, we study the problem of inverse permutation learning in decoder-only transformers. Given a permutation and a string to which that permutation has been applied, the model is tasked with producing the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Rohan Alur , Chris Hays , Manish Raghavan , Devavrat Shah

Coalgebras for analytic functors uniformly model graph-like systems where the successors of a state may admit certain symmetries. Examples of successor structure include ordered tuples, cyclic lists and multisets. Motivated by goals in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance in language modeling tasks. However, the reasons behind their tremendous success are still unclear. In this paper, towards a better understanding, we train a Transformer model on a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-06 Michael E. Sander , Raja Giryes , Taiji Suzuki , Mathieu Blondel , Gabriel Peyré

Standard Transformers excel at semantic modeling but struggle with rigid sequential logic and state tracking. Theoretical work establishes that self-attention is limited to $\AC^0$ (under hard attention) or $\TC^0$ (under soft attention),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mehryar Mohri

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

Transformer is a powerful architecture that achieves superior performance on various sequence learning tasks, including neural machine translation, language understanding, and sequence prediction. At the core of the Transformer is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Shaojie Bai , Makoto Yamada , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

In this paper we describe the right-sided combinatorial Hopf structure of three Hopf algebras appearing in the context of renormalization in quantum field theory: the non-commutative version of the Fa\`a di Bruno Hopf algebra, the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2010-07-05 Christian Brouder , Alessandra Frabetti , Frederic Menous

We propose a graph-oriented attention-based explainability method for tabular data. Tasks involving tabular data have been solved mostly using traditional tree-based machine learning models which have the challenges of feature selection and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Andrea Treviño Gavito , Diego Klabjan , Jean Utke

Multi-band insulating Bloch Hamiltonians with internal or spatial symmetries, such as particle-hole or inversion, may have topologically disconnected sectors of trivial atomic-limit (momentum-independent) Hamiltonians. We present a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-04-19 Oleksandr Balabanov , Mats Granath

The key to a Transformer model is the self-attention mechanism, which allows the model to analyze an entire sequence in a computationally efficient manner. Recent work has suggested the possibility that general attention mechanisms used by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Thomas Dowdell , Hongyu Zhang

The so called induction functors appear in several areas of Algebra in different forms. Interesting examples are the induction functors in the Theory of Affine Algebraic groups. In this note we investigate the so called Hopf pairings…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jawad Y. Abuhlail