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Related papers: Frequency Quality in Low-Inertia Power Systems

200 papers

Traditionally, inertia in power systems has been determined by considering all the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. During the last decade, the integration of renewable energy sources, mainly photovoltaic installations and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 Ana Fernández-Guillamón , Emilio Gómez-Lázaro , Eduard Muljadi , Angel Molina-García

A recent trend in control of power systems has sought to quantify the synchronization dynamics in terms of a global performance metric, compute it under very simplified assumptions, and use it to gain insight on the role of system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Fernando Paganini , Enrique Mallada

In order to decarbonise the electricity sector, the future Great Britain (GB) power system will be largely dominated by non-synchronous renewables. This will cause low levels of inertia, a key parameter that could lead to frequency…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Aimon Mirza Baig , Luis Badesa , Goran Strbac

Accurate frequency estimation is critical for the control, monitoring and protection of electrical power systems, in particular, of systems with a high penetration of power electronics. This paper introduces the novel concept of Quasi…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Joan Gutierrez-Florensa , Alvaro Ortega , Lukas Sigrist , Federico Milano

Nowadays, power system inertia is changing as a consequence of replacing conventional units by renewable energy sources, mainly wind and PV power plants. This fact affects significantly the grid frequency response under power imbalances. As…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 A. Fernández-Guillamón , A. Vigueras-Rodríguez , A. Molina-García

The shift from synchronous generators to inverter-based resources has caused power system inertia to be unevenly distributed across power grids. As a result, certain grid regions are more vulnerable to high rate-of-change of frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurav Dulal , Mohammed M. Olama , Ali R. Ekti , Nils M. Stenvig , Yilu Liu

The reduced inertia levels in low-carbon power grids necessitate explicit constraints to limit frequency's nadir and rate of change during scheduling. This can result in significant curtailment of renewable energy due to the minimum…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-18 Cormac O'Malley , Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Goran Strbac

This paper compares the impact of different conventional and emerging technologies and control strategies on frequency quality. We study, in particular, the long-term dynamic performance of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Taulant Kerci , Federico Milano

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources reduces rotating inertia and even frequency control capacity, affecting frequency stability. This challenge is significant in \gls{ips} that already suffer from low inertia and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Miad Sarvarizadeh , Mohammad Rajabdorri , Enrique Lobato , Lukas Sigrist

We consider the problem of controlling the frequency of low-inertia power systems via inverter-based resources (IBRs) that are weakly connected to the grid. We propose a novel grid-forming control strategy, the so-called frequency shaping…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Yashen Lin , Andrey Bernstein , Enrique Mallada , Dominic Groß

The AC frequency in electrical power systems is conventionally regulated by synchronous machines. The gradual replacement of these machines by asynchronous renewable-based generation, which provides little or no frequency control, increases…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

Hybrid AC/DC microgrids with distributed energy storage (DS) improve power reliability in remote areas. Existing power management methods either focus on steady-state power sharing or transient inertia support, but rarely combine both. They…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Qingzuo Meng , Pengfeng Lin , Yujie Wang , Miao Zhu , Amer M. Ghias , Syed Islam , Frede Blaabjerg

Low levels of system inertia in power grids with significant penetration of non-synchronous Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have increased the risk of frequency instability. The provision of a certain type of ancillary services such as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-20 Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Goran Strbac

Automatic generation control (AGC) is one of the most important coordinated control systems present in modern interconnected power systems. Despite being heavily studied, no interconnected dynamic stability and performance analysis of AGC…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-06 John W. Simpson-Porco

Frequency restoration in power systems is conventionally performed by broadcasting a centralized signal to local controllers. As a result of the energy transition, technological advances, and the scientific interest in distributed control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Erieke Weitenberg , Yan Jiang , Changhong Zhao , Enrique Mallada , Claudio De Persis , Florian Dörfler

To ensure adequate and economic reserve for primary frequency response in the current and future power system, this paper proposes real-time frequency response reserve (FRR) requirement based on system inertia. This minimum FRR will help…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Shutang You

Frequency performance has been a crucial issue for islanded microgrids. On the one hand, most distributed energy resources (DER) are converter-interfaced and do not inherently respond to frequency variations. On the other hand, current…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Yichen Zhang , Alexander M. Melin , Seddik M. Djouadi , Mohammed M. Olama , Kevin Tomsovic

The fundamental frequency is one of the parameters that define power quality. Correctly determining this parameter under the conditions that prevail in modern power grids is crucial. Diagnostic purposes often require an efficient estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Antonio Bracale , Pasquale De Falco , Piotr Kuwałek , Grzegorz Wiczyński

This paper presents a distributed frequency control method for power grids with high penetration of inverter-connected resources under low and time-varying inertia due to renewable energy (RE). We provide a distributed virtual inertia (VI)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Manasa Muralidharan , Jan Kleissl , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez

As bulk synchronous generators in the power grid are replaced by distributed generation interfaced through power electronics, inertia is removed from the system, prompting concerns over grid stability. Different metrics are available for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Mohammad Pirani , John W. Simpson-Porco , Baris Fidan