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Related papers: Follower Agnostic Methods for Stackelberg Games

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In a multi-follower Bayesian Stackelberg game, a leader plays a mixed strategy over $L$ actions to which $n\ge 1$ followers, each having one of $K$ possible private types, best respond. The leader's optimal strategy depends on the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gerson Personnat , Tao Lin , Safwan Hossain , David C. Parkes

A Stackelberg game is played between a leader and a follower. The leader first chooses an action, then the follower plays his best response. The goal of the leader is to pick the action that will maximize his payoff given the follower's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Aaron Roth , Jonathan Ullman , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Stackelberg games are a classic example of bilevel optimization problems, which are often encountered in game theory and economics. These are complex problems with a hierarchical structure, where one optimization task is nested within the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Anton Frantsev , Kalyanmoy Deb

In this work, we propose the first fully first-order method to compute an epsilon stationary Stackelberg equilibrium with convergence guarantees. To achieve this, we first reframe the leader follower interaction as single level constrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 April Niu , Kai Wang , Juba Ziani

This paper is concerned with a Stackelberg stochastic differential game with asymmetric noisy observation, with one follower and one leader. In our model, the follower cannot observe the state process directly, but could observe a noisy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Yueyang Zheng , Jingtao Shi

The multilevel reverse Stackelberg game is considered. In this game, the leader controls the outcome by announcing a strategy as a function of decision variables of the followers to his/her own decision space. Corresponding to the leader's…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-01 Seyfe Belete Worku , Birilew Belayneh Tsegaw , Semu Mitiku Kassa

We study a multi-player one-round game termed Stackelberg Network Pricing Game, in which a leader can set prices for a subset of $m$ priceable edges in a graph. The other edges have a fixed cost. Based on the leader's decision one or more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Patrick Briest , Martin Hoefer , Piotr Krysta

We study multi-player general-sum Markov games with one of the players designated as the leader and the other players regarded as followers. In particular, we focus on the class of games where the followers are myopic, i.e., they aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Han Zhong , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan

In this paper, we study a linear-quadratic partially observed Stackelberg stochastic differential game problem in which a single leader and multiple followers are involved. We consider more practical formulation for partial information that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Yichun Li , Yaozhong Hu , Jingtao Shi , Yueyang Zheng

This paper is concerned with a leader-follower stochastic differential game with asymmetric information, where the information available to the follower is based on some sub-$\sigma$-algebra of that available to the leader. Such kind of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-15 Jingtao Shi , Guangchen Wang , Jie Xiong

The multi-leader--multi-follower game (MLMFG) involves two or more leaders and followers and serves as a generalization of the Stackelberg game and the single-leader--multi-follower game (SLMFG). Although MLMFG covers wide range of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Atsushi Hori , Daisuke Tsuyuguchi , Ellen H. Fukuda

Trajectory guidance requires a leader robotic agent to assist a follower robotic agent to cooperatively reach the target destination. However, planning cooperation becomes difficult when the leader serves a family of different followers and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

We study a two-player dynamic Stackelberg game where the follower's intention is unknown to the leader. Classical formulations of the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) assume that the follower's best response (BR) function is known to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Cayetana Salinas-Rodriguez , Jonathan Rogers , Sarah H. Q. Li

We present a linear--quadratic Stackelberg game with a large number of followers and we also derive the mean field limit of infinitely many followers. The relation between optimization and mean-field limit is studied and conditions for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-09 Michael Herty , Sonja Steffensen , Anna Thünen

In a Stackelberg game, a leader commits to a randomized strategy, and a follower chooses their best strategy in response. We consider an extension of a standard Stackelberg game, called a discrete-time dynamic Stackelberg game, that has an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Niklas Lauffer , Mahsa Ghasemi , Abolfazl Hashemi , Yagiz Savas , Ufuk Topcu

Inverse game theory is utilized to infer the cost functions of all players based on game outcomes. However, existing inverse game theory methods do not consider the learner as an active participant in the game, which could significantly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jianguo Chen , Jinlong Lei , Biqiang Mu , Yiguang Hong , Hongsheng Qi

We study online learning in Bayesian Stackelberg games, where a leader repeatedly interacts with a follower whose unknown private type is independently drawn at each round from an unknown probability distribution. The goal is to design…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Matteo Bollini , Francesco Bacchiocchi , Samuel Coutts , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi

We study policy optimization in Stackelberg mean field games (MFGs), a hierarchical framework for modeling the strategic interaction between a single leader and an infinitely large population of homogeneous followers. The objective can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihan Zeng , Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sujay Bhatt , Leo Ardon , Sumitra Ganesh , Alec Koppel

In multi-agent problems requiring a high degree of cooperation, success often depends on the ability of the agents to adapt to each other's behavior. A natural solution concept in such settings is the Stackelberg equilibrium, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Robert Loftin , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Herke van Hoof , Samuel Kaski , Frans A. Oliehoek

We propose a two-layer, semi-decentralized algorithm to compute a local solution to the Stackelberg equilibrium problem in aggregative games with coupling constraints. Specifically, we focus on a single-leader, multiple-follower problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Filippo Fabiani , Mohammad Amin Tajeddini , Hamed Kebriaei , Sergio Grammatico