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Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a data point was part of a model's training set, posing serious privacy risks. Existing methods often depend on shadow models or heavy query access, which limits their practicality. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yongchao Huang , Pengfei Zhang , Shahzad Mumtaz

The increased availability of genetic data has transformed genomics research, but raised many privacy concerns regarding its handling due to its sensitive nature. This work explores the use of language models (LMs) for the generation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Asia Belfiore , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Dmitrii Usynin

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising approach for training machine learning models on decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, privacy risks, particularly Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which aim to determine whether a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Gongxi Zhu , Donghao Li , Hanlin Gu , Yuan Yao , Lixin Fan , Yuxing Han

Whether LLMs memorize their training data and what this means, from measuring privacy leakage to detecting copyright violations, has become a rapidly growing area of research. In the last few months, more than 10 new methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Matthieu Meeus , Igor Shilov , Shubham Jain , Manuel Faysse , Marek Rei , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Graph generative diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for generating complex graph structures, effectively capturing intricate dependencies and relationships within graph data. However, the privacy risks associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiuling Wang , Xin Huang , Guibo Luo , Jianliang Xu

In Embedding-as-an-Interface (EaaI) settings, pre-trained models are queried for Intermediate Representations (IRs). The distributional properties of IRs can leak training-set membership signals, enabling Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayang Meng , Tao Huang , Chen Hou , Guolong Zheng , Hong Chen

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to identify specific data samples within the private training dataset of machine learning models, leading to serious privacy violations and other sophisticated threats. Many practical black-box MIAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jihye Choi , Shruti Tople , Varun Chandrasekaran , Somesh Jha

Machine learning (ML) has been widely adopted in various privacy-critical applications, e.g., face recognition and medical image analysis. However, recent research has shown that ML models are vulnerable to attacks against their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

Membership inference attacks are a key measure to evaluate privacy leakage in machine learning (ML) models. These attacks aim to distinguish training members from non-members by exploiting differential behavior of the models on member and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Xinyu Tang , Saeed Mahloujifar , Liwei Song , Virat Shejwalkar , Milad Nasr , Amir Houmansadr , Prateek Mittal

Deep generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), synthesize diverse high-fidelity data samples by estimating the underlying distribution of high dimensional data. Despite their success, GANs may disclose private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Parisa Hassanzadeh , Robert E. Tillman

Image-to-image translation models are shown to be vulnerable to the Membership Inference Attack (MIA), in which the adversary's goal is to identify whether a sample is used to train the model or not. With daily increasing applications based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Saeed Ranjbar Alvar , Lanjun Wang , Jian Pei , Yong Zhang

Latent diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in high-fidelity text-to-image generation, but their tendency to memorize training data raises critical privacy and intellectual property concerns. Membership inference attacks (MIAs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Joonsung Jeon , Woo Jae Kim , Suhyeon Ha , Sooel Son , Sung-Eui Yoon

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising framework for collaboratively training machine learning models across decentralized genomic datasets without direct data sharing. While this approach preserves data locality, it remains susceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chetan Pathade , Shubham Patil

Determining which data samples were used to train a model, known as Membership Inference Attack (MIA), is a well-studied and important problem with implications on data privacy. SotA methods (which are black-box attacks) rely on training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuval Golbari , Navve Wasserman , Gal Vardi , Michal Irani

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive and retrieval-augmented settings, raising significant privacy concerns. While attacks such as Membership Inference (MIA), Attribute Inference (AIA), Data Extraction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Karima Makhlouf , Lamiaa Basyoni , Syed Khaderi , Gabriel Marquez , Peter Sotomango , Mahmoud Awawdah , Sami Zhioua

In recent years, diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in the realm of high-quality image generation, garnering increased attention. This surge in interest is paralleled by a growing concern over the security threats associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sen Li , Junchi Ma , Minhao Cheng

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical privacy threat to fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), especially when models are adapted to domain-specific tasks using sensitive data. While prior black-box MIA techniques rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhexi Lu , Hongliang Chi , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yuseok Jeon , Lei Yu

Deep hashing improves retrieval efficiency through compact binary codes, yet it introduces severe and often overlooked privacy risks. The ability to reconstruct original training data from hash codes could lead to serious threats such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Dongdong Zhao , Qiben Xu , Ranxin Fang , Baogang Song

Model Inversion (MI) attacks aim to recover the private training data from the target model, which has raised security concerns about the deployment of DNNs in practice. Recent advances in generative adversarial models have rendered them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Gege Qi , YueFeng Chen , Xiaofeng Mao , Binyuan Hui , Xiaodan Li , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue

In membership inference attacks (MIAs), an adversary observes the predictions of a model to determine whether a sample is part of the model's training data. Existing MIA defenses conceal the presence of a target sample through strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Ismat Jarin , Birhanu Eshete
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