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The Wasserstein metric is an important measure of distance between probability distributions, with applications in machine learning, statistics, probability theory, and data analysis. This paper provides upper and lower bounds on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Shashank Singh , Barnabás Póczos

Estimating the density of a distribution from samples is a fundamental problem in statistics. In many practical settings, the Wasserstein distance is an appropriate error metric for density estimation. For example, when estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Vitaly Feldman , Audra McMillan , Satchit Sivakumar , Kunal Talwar

The question of optimally approximating an arbitrary probability measure in the Wasserstein distance by a discrete one with uniform weights is considered. Estimates are obtained for the optimal approximation distance, with an explicit rate…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Benjamin Seeger

We study the problem of estimating a sequence of evolving probability distributions from historical data, where the underlying distribution changes over time in a nonstationary and nonparametric manner. To capture gradual changes, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Edward J. Anderson , Dominic S. T. Keehan

The Wasserstein distance is an attractive tool for data analysis but statistical inference is hindered by the lack of distributional limits. To overcome this obstacle, for probability measures supported on finitely many points, we derive…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-27 Max Sommerfeld , Axel Munk

Distribution data refers to a data set where each sample is represented as a probability distribution, a subject area receiving burgeoning interest in the field of statistics. Although several studies have developed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

This paper proposes a distributionally robust approach to logistic regression. We use the Wasserstein distance to construct a ball in the space of probability distributions centered at the uniform distribution on the training samples. If…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Soroosh Shafieezadeh-Abadeh , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Daniel Kuhn

We formulate and solve a regression problem with time-stamped distributional data. Distributions are considered as points in the Wasserstein space of probability measures, metrized by the 2-Wasserstein metric, and may represent images,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-30 Amirhossein Karimi , Tryphon T. Georgiou

Conditional distribution is a fundamental quantity for describing the relationship between a response and a predictor. We propose a Wasserstein generative approach to learning a conditional distribution. The proposed approach uses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Shiao Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Yuling Jiao , Jian Huang

The Wasserstein distance is a distance between two probability distributions and has recently gained increasing popularity in statistics and machine learning, owing to its attractive properties. One important approach to extending this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-14 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

Wasserstein distances are metrics on probability distributions inspired by the problem of optimal mass transportation. Roughly speaking, they measure the minimal effort required to reconfigure the probability mass of one distribution in…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-10 Victor M. Panaretos , Yoav Zemel

In this paper we propose tight upper and lower bounds for the Wasserstein distance between any two {{univariate continuous distributions}} with probability densities $p_1$ and $p_2$ having nested supports. These explicit bounds are…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-21 Christophe Ley , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

The central limit theorem is one of the most fundamental results in probability and has been successfully extended to locally dependent data and strongly-mixing random fields. In this paper, we establish its rate of convergence for…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Tianle Liu , Morgane Austern

This paper considers the problem of regression over distributions, which is becoming increasingly important in machine learning. Existing approaches often ignore the geometry of the probability space or are computationally expensive. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Maksim Maslov , Alexander Kugaevskikh , Matthew Ivanov

We address the problem of efficiently computing Wasserstein distances for multiple pairs of distributions drawn from a meta-distribution. To this end, we propose a fast estimation method based on regressing Wasserstein distance on sliced…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Khai Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Nhat Ho

The central limit theorem (CLT) is one of the most fundamental results in probability; and establishing its rate of convergence has been a key question since the 1940s. For independent random variables, a series of recent works established…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Tianle Liu , Morgane Austern

We present new insights into causal inference in the context of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects by proposing natural variants of Random Forests to estimate the key conditional distributions. To achieve this, we recast Breiman's original…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-16 Qiming Du , Gérard Biau , François Petit , Raphaël Porcher

Wasserstein distances are widely used in modern data analysis but pose significant computational and statistical challenges in high dimensions. The sliced Wasserstein distance alleviates these challenges by leveraging one-dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-21 David Rodríguez-Vítores , Eustasio del Barrio , Jean-Michel Loubes

We establish some deviation inequalities, moment bounds and almost sure results for the Wasserstein distance of order p $\in$ [1, $\infty$) between the empirical measure of independent and identically distributed R d-valued random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-21 Jérôme Dedecker , Florence Merlevède

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti
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