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We consider the approximation rates of shallow neural networks with respect to the variation norm. Upper bounds on these rates have been established for sigmoidal and ReLU activation functions, but it has remained an important open problem…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-10 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

This paper studies the numerical approximation of divergence-free vector fields by linearized shallow neural networks, also referred to as random feature models or finite neuron spaces. Combining the stable potential lifting for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Juncai He , Xinliang Liu , Zitong Tian

We study expressive power of shallow and deep neural networks with piece-wise linear activation functions. We establish new rigorous upper and lower bounds for the network complexity in the setting of approximations in Sobolev spaces. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Dmitry Yarotsky

Deep neural operators can learn nonlinear mappings between infinite-dimensional function spaces via deep neural networks. As promising surrogate solvers of partial differential equations (PDEs) for real-time prediction, deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Min Zhu , Handi Zhang , Anran Jiao , George Em Karniadakis , Lu Lu

One of the central problems in the study of deep learning theory is to understand how the structure properties, such as depth, width and the number of nodes, affect the expressivity of deep neural networks. In this work, we show a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Kaifeng Bu , Yaobo Zhang , Qingxian Luo

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

We study the generalization of over-parameterized deep networks (for image classification) in relation to the convex hull of their training sets. Despite their great success, generalization of deep networks is considered a mystery. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Understanding the computational complexity of training simple neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) has recently been a subject of intensive research. Closing gaps and complementing results from the literature, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Vincent Froese , Christoph Hertrich , Rolf Niedermeier

Real world data often exhibit low-dimensional geometric structures, and can be viewed as samples near a low-dimensional manifold. This paper studies nonparametric regression of H\"{o}lder functions on low-dimensional manifolds using deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Minshuo Chen , Haoming Jiang , Wenjing Liao , Tuo Zhao

Deploying deep learning models, comprising of non-linear combination of millions, even billions, of parameters is challenging given the memory, power and compute constraints of the real world. This situation has led to research into model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Muhammad A. Shah , Raphael Olivier , Bhiksha Raj

We prove deep neural network (DNN for short) expressivity rate bounds for solution sets of a model class of singularly perturbed, elliptic two-point boundary value problems, in Sobolev norms, on the bounded interval $(-1,1)$. We assume that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Joost A. A. Opschoor , Christoph Schwab , Christos Xenophontos

We present a deep network interpolation strategy for accelerated parallel MR image reconstruction. In particular, we examine the network interpolation in parameter space between a source model that is formulated in an unrolled scheme with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Chen Qin , Jo Schlemper , Kerstin Hammernik , Jinming Duan , Ronald M Summers , Daniel Rueckert

Deep neural networks (DNNs) typically involve a large number of parameters and are trained to achieve zero or near-zero training error. Despite such interpolation, they often exhibit strong generalization performance on unseen data, a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-23 Jingfu Peng , Yuhong Yang

In studying the expressiveness of neural networks, an important question is whether there are functions which can only be approximated by sufficiently deep networks, assuming their size is bounded. However, for constant depths, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir

Is a sample rich enough to determine, at least locally, the parameters of a neural network? To answer this question, we introduce a new local parameterization of a given deep ReLU neural network by fixing the values of some of its weights.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Joachim Bona-Pellissier , François Malgouyres , François Bachoc

The successful training of neural networks hinges on the use of first order optimization methods, yet the theoretical characterization of these methods remains incomplete. This is especially true in settings with mild overparameterization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 James Town , Etienne Boursier , Ben Lewis , Matthias Englert , Ranko Lazic

Covering numbers of (deep) ReLU networks have been used to characterize approximation-theoretic performance, to upper-bound prediction error in nonparametric regression, and to quantify classification capacity. These results rely on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Weigutian Ou , Helmut Bölcskei

Recently, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven to be successful when employed in areas such as reduced order modeling of parametrized PDEs. Despite their accuracy and efficiency, the approaches available in the literature…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Nicola Rares Franco , Stefania Fresca , Andrea Manzoni , Paolo Zunino

Overparameterization in deep learning typically refers to settings where a trained neural network (NN) has representational capacity to fit the training data in many ways, some of which generalize well, while others do not. In the case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Edo Cohen-Karlik , Itamar Menuhin-Gruman , Raja Giryes , Nadav Cohen , Amir Globerson

We study the expressivity of ReLU neural networks in the setting of a binary classification problem from a topological perspective. Recently, empirical studies showed that neural networks operate by changing topology, transforming a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ekin Ergen , Moritz Grillo