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We demonstrate that vision language models (VLMs) are capable of recognizing the content in audio recordings when given corresponding spectrogram images. Specifically, we instruct VLMs to perform audio classification tasks in a few-shot…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Satvik Dixit , Laurie M. Heller , Chris Donahue

The prevalence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) raises important questions about privacy in an era where visual information is increasingly available. While foundation VLMs demonstrate broad knowledge and learned capabilities, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Neel Jay , Hieu Minh Nguyen , Trung Dung Hoang , Jacob Haimes

Visual Grounding (VG) aims to utilize given natural language queries to locate specific target objects within images. While current transformer-based approaches demonstrate strong localization performance in standard scene (i.e, scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiangnan Xie , Xiaolong Zheng , Liang Zheng

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have showcased its potential in tackling complex tasks. However, experiments on visual control tasks have revealed that state-of-the-art reinforcement learning models struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Rudra P. K. Poudel , Harit Pandya , Chao Zhang , Roberto Cipolla

Visual Grounding (VG) is a crucial topic in the field of vision and language, which involves locating a specific region described by expressions within an image. To reduce the reliance on manually labeled data, unsupervised visual grounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Linhui Xiao , Xiaoshan Yang , Fang Peng , Ming Yan , Yaowei Wang , Changsheng Xu

Grounding language in the physical world requires AI systems to interpret references that emerge dynamically during conversation. While current vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static image tasks, they struggle to resolve ambiguous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Anna Deichler , Jim O'Regan , Fethiye Irmak Dogan , Lubos Marcinek , Anna Klezovich , Iolanda Leite , Jonas Beskow

Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) deals with the identification of keywords in audio streams and has become a fast-growing technology thanks to the paradigm shift introduced by deep learning a few years ago. This has allowed the rapid embedding…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Iván López-Espejo , Zheng-Hua Tan , John Hansen , Jesper Jensen

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Visual grounding is a promising path toward more robust and accurate Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. Many multimodal extensions of BERT (e.g., VideoBERT, LXMERT, VL-BERT) allow a joint modeling of texts and images that lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Damien Sileo

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) seeks to locate target objects in 3D scenes using natural language descriptions, enabling downstream applications such as augmented reality and robotics. Existing approaches typically rely on labeled 3D data and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Rong Li , Shijie Li , Lingdong Kong , Xulei Yang , Junwei Liang

Recent works have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to ground natural language to a wide variety of robot skills. However, in practice, learning multi-task, language-conditioned robotic skills typically requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Oier Mees , Jessica Borja-Diaz , Wolfram Burgard

Despite significant progress in multimodal language models (LMs), it remains unclear whether visual grounding enhances their understanding of embodied knowledge compared to text-only models. To address this question, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhihui Yang , Yupei Wang , Kaijie Mo , Zhe Zhao , Renfen Hu

Vision-and-language (V\&L) reasoning necessitates perception of visual concepts such as objects and actions, understanding semantics and language grounding, and reasoning about the interplay between the two modalities. One crucial aspect of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Pratyay Banerjee , Tejas Gokhale , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) involves localizing target objects in 3D point clouds based on natural language. While prior work has made strides using textual descriptions, leveraging spoken language-known as Audio-based 3D Visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Duc Cao-Dinh , Khai Le-Duc , Anh Dao , Bach Phan Tat , Chris Ngo , Duy M. H. Nguyen , Nguyen X. Khanh , Thanh Nguyen-Tang

Referring expressions are commonly used when referring to a specific target in people's daily dialogue. In this paper, we develop a novel task of audio-visual grounding referring expression for robotic manipulation. The robot leverages both…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Yefei Wang , Kaili Wang , Yi Wang , Di Guo , Huaping Liu , Fuchun Sun

Video grounding aims to localize the corresponding video moment in an untrimmed video given a language query. Existing methods often address this task in an indirect way, by casting it as a proposal-and-match or fusion-and-detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Fengyuan Shi , Weilin Huang , Limin Wang

Existing models which generate textual explanations enforce task relevance through a discriminative term loss function, but such mechanisms only weakly constrain mentioned object parts to actually be present in the image. In this paper, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Lisa Anne Hendricks , Ronghang Hu , Trevor Darrell , Zeynep Akata

Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting (SF-KWS) has gained popularity in today's landscape of smart voice-activated devices, smartphones, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This surge is attributed to the advancements in Deep Learning,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Soumen Garai , Suman Samui

Key to tasks that require reasoning about natural language in visual contexts is grounding words and phrases to image regions. However, observing this grounding in contemporary models is complex, even if it is generally expected to take…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Noriyuki Kojima , Hadar Averbuch-Elor , Yoav Artzi

Spatial intelligence requires visual representations that capture both semantic objects and geometric structure in the physical world. To support this, two major pre-training schemes are now widely used as foundation backbones:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Haozhan Shen , Tiancheng Zhao , Kangjia Zhao , Jianwei Yin
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