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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent common-sense reasoning and Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities, making them promising candidates for developing coordination agents. This study introduces the LLM-Coordination Benchmark,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Saaket Agashe , Yue Fan , Anthony Reyna , Xin Eric Wang

A burgeoning area within reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of sequential decision-making agents centered around large language models (LLMs). While autonomous decision-making agents powered by modern LLMs could facilitate numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms allow agents to learn skills and strategies to perform complex tasks without detailed instructions or expensive labelled training examples. That is, RL agents can learn, as we learn. Given the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Jung Hoon Lee

Designing an effective communication mechanism among agents in reinforcement learning has been a challenging task, especially for real-world applications. The number of agents can grow or an environment sometimes needs to interact with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei Wei , Da-Cheng Juan , Min Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often exhibit learning behaviors that are not intuitively interpretable by human observers, which can result in suboptimal feedback in collaborative teaching settings. Yet, how humans perceive and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Bernhard Hilpert , Muhan Hou , Kim Baraka , Joost Broekens

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Di Wu , Jiaxin Fan , Junzhe Zang , Guanbo Wang , Wei Yin , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated their capability in possessing commonsense knowledge of the physical world, a crucial aspect of performing tasks in everyday life. However, it remains unclear **whether LMs have the capacity to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Bill Yuchen Lin , Chengsong Huang , Qian Liu , Wenda Gu , Sam Sommerer , Xiang Ren

Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) show great promise for solving complex, multi-step tasks. However, their performance is often crippled by "Context Explosion", where the accumulation of long text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xuanzhang Liu , Jianglun Feng , Zhuoran Zhuang , Junzhe Zhao , Maofei Que , Jieting Li , Dianlei Wang , Hao Tong , Ye Chen , Pan Li

Unlike reinforcement learning (RL) agents, humans remain capable multitaskers in changing environments. In spite of only experiencing the world through their own observations and interactions, people know how to balance focusing on tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rishav Bhagat , Jonathan Balloch , Zhiyu Lin , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

The field of reinforcement learning (RL) is facing increasingly challenging domains with combinatorial complexity. For an RL agent to address these challenges, it is essential that it can plan effectively. Prior work has typically utilized…

Models and games are simplified representations of the world. There are many different kinds of models, all differing in complexity and which aspect of the world they allow us to further our understanding of. In this paper we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Joseph Christian G. Noel

Large language models (LLMs) possess extensive knowledge bases and strong reasoning capabilities, making them promising tools for complex, multi-agent planning in embodied environments. However, despite LLMs' advanced abilities and the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xinran Li , Chenjia Bai , Zijian Li , Jiakun Zheng , Ting Xiao , Jun Zhang

Background: There is great interest in agentic LLMs, large language models that act as agents. Objectives: We review the growing body of work in this area and provide a research agenda. Methods: Agentic LLMs are LLMs that (1) reason, (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Aske Plaat , Max van Duijn , Niki van Stein , Mike Preuss , Peter van der Putten , Kees Joost Batenburg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable planning abilities across various domains, including robotics manipulation and navigation. While recent efforts in robotics have leveraged LLMs both for high-level and low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harsh Singh , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Mingfei Han , Preslav Nakov , Ivan Laptev

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a capable and intuitive structure for the fundamental sequential decision-making problem. Despite impressive breakthroughs, it can still be difficult to employ RL in practice in many simple applications.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Aida Afshar , Wenchao Li