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Real-time safety metrics are important for the automated driving system (ADS) to assess the risk of driving situations and to assist the decision-making. Although a number of real-time safety metrics have been proposed in the literature,…
Understanding human driving behavior is crucial to develop autonomous vehicles' algorithms. However, most low level automation, such as the one in advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS), is based on objective safety measures, which are…
With the level of automation increases in vehicles, such as conditional and highly automated vehicles (AVs), drivers are becoming increasingly out of the control loop, especially in unexpected driving scenarios. Although it might be not…
Autonomous Driving (AD) systems demand the high levels of safety assurance. Despite significant advancements in AD demonstrated on open-source benchmarks like Longest6 and Bench2Drive, existing datasets still lack regulatory-compliant…
This paper describes Waymo's Collision Avoidance Testing (CAT) methodology: a scenario-based testing method that evaluates the safety of the Waymo Driver Automated Driving Systems' (ADS) intended functionality in conflict situations…
End-to-end autonomous driving systems (ADSs), with their strong capabilities in environmental perception and generalizable driving decisions, are attracting growing attention from both academia and industry. However, once deployed on public…
Autonomous systems such as self-driving cars rely on sensors to perceive the surrounding world. Measures must be taken against attacks on sensors, which have been a hot topic in the last few years. For that goal one must first evaluate how…
Security Assurance Cases (SAC) are structured bodies of arguments and evidence used to reason about security properties of a certain artefact. SAC are gaining focus in the automotive domain as the need for security assurance is growing due…
This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…
Automated Decision-Making Systems (ADS) have become pervasive across various fields, activities, and occupations, to enhance performance. However, this widespread adoption introduces potential risks, including the misuse of ADS. Such misuse…
The kind of closed-loop verification likely to be required for autonomous vehicle (AV) safety testing is beyond the reach of traditional test methodologies and discrete verification. Validation puts the autonomous vehicle system to the test…
Industrial Safety deals with the physical integrity of humans, machines and the environment when they interact during production scenarios. Industrial Safety is subject to a rigorous certification process that leads to inflexible settings,…
Safety testing serves as the fundamental pillar for the development of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). To ensure the safety of ADSs, it is paramount to generate a diverse range of safety-critical test scenarios. While existing ADS…
Recent research has found that navigation systems usually assume that all roads are equally safe, directing drivers to dangerous routes, which led to catastrophic consequences. To address this problem, this paper aims to begin the process…
The development of safety-critical systems requires the control of hazards that can potentially cause harm. To this end, safety engineers rely during the development phase on architectural solutions, called safety patterns, such as safety…
Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…
Recently, an increasingly growing number of companies is focusing on achieving self-driving systems towards SAE level 3 and higher. Such systems will have much more complex capabilities than today's advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)…
There have been major developments in Automated Driving (AD) and Driving Assist Systems (ADAS) in recent years. However, their safety assurance, thus methodologies for testing, verification and validation AD/ADAS safety-critical…
We build on our recent work on formalization of responsibility-sensitive safety (RSS) and present the first formal framework that enables mathematical proofs of the safety of control strategies in intersection scenarios. Intersection…
3D virtual simulation, which generates diversified test scenarios and tests full-stack of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSes) modules dynamically as a whole, is a promising approach for Safety of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) ADS…