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The scarcity of parallel data is a major obstacle for training high-quality machine translation systems for low-resource languages. Fortunately, some low-resource languages are linguistically related or similar to high-resource languages;…

While the transformer architecture has achieved state-of-the-art performance on natural language processing tasks, these models impose substantial memory and computational overhead. Recent research has identified significant architectural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Shivanshu Kumar , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) can be improved by including document-level contextual information. For this purpose, we propose a hierarchical attention model to capture the context in a structured and dynamic manner. The model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Lesly Miculicich , Dhananjay Ram , Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson

Transformer architectures based on the attention mechanism have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), driving major breakthroughs across virtually every NLP task. However, their substantial memory and computational requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Riccardo Bravin , Massimo Pavan , Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

We investigate automatic interlinear glossing in low-resource settings. We augment a hard-attentional neural model with embedded translation information extracted from interlinear glossed text. After encoding these translations using large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Changbing Yang , Garrett Nicolai , Miikka Silfverberg

This paper describes the AMU-UEDIN submissions to the WMT 2016 shared task on news translation. We explore methods of decode-time integration of attention-based neural translation models with phrase-based statistical machine translation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Tomasz Dwojak , Rico Sennrich

This work introduces a new multi-task, parameter-efficient language model (LM) tuning method that learns to transfer knowledge across different tasks via a mixture of soft prompts-small prefix embedding vectors pre-trained for different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Akari Asai , Mohammadreza Salehi , Matthew E. Peters , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Recently, the Transformer model that is based solely on attention mechanisms, has advanced the state-of-the-art on various machine translation tasks. However, recent studies reveal that the lack of recurrence hinders its further improvement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Jie Hao , Xing Wang , Baosong Yang , Longyue Wang , Jinfeng Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Multimodal Transformers serve as the backbone for state-of-the-art vision-language models, yet their quadratic attention complexity remains a critical barrier to scalability. In this work, we investigate the viability of Linear Attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Armin Gerami , Seyedehanita Madani , Ramani Duraiswami

Multi-layer models with multiple attention heads per layer provide superior translation quality compared to simpler and shallower models, but determining what source context is most relevant to each target word is more challenging as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Thomas Zenkel , Joern Wuebker , John DeNero

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced deep learning, particularly in natural language processing, by effectively managing long-range dependencies. However, as the demand for understanding complex relationships grows,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Siqi Zheng , Shiliang Zhang , Chong Deng , Hai Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yukun Ma , Chong Zhang

This document provides a brief introduction to the attention mechanism used in modern language models based on the Transformer architecture. We first illustrate how text is encoded as vectors and how the attention mechanism processes these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Michel Fabrice Serret

In recent years, great success has been achieved in many tasks of natural language processing (NLP), e.g., named entity recognition (NER), especially in the high-resource language, i.e., English, thanks in part to the considerable amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Shengfei Lyu , Linghao Sun , Huixiong Yi , Yong Liu , Huanhuan Chen , Chunyan Miao

Transfer learning on tabular data is challenging due to disparate feature spaces across domains, in contrast to the homogeneous structures of image and text. Large language models (LLMs) offer a knowledge base to improve the limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Ibna Kowsar , Kazi F. Akhter , Manar D. Samad

Transformers have shown great promise as an approach to Neural Machine Translation (NMT) for low-resource languages. However, at the same time, transformer models remain difficult to optimize and require careful tuning of hyper-parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Elan van Biljon , Arnu Pretorius , Julia Kreutzer

In this paper, we propose an effective way for biasing the attention mechanism of a sequence-to-sequence neural machine translation (NMT) model towards the well-studied statistical word alignment models. We show that our novel guided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-07 Wenhu Chen , Evgeny Matusov , Shahram Khadivi , Jan-Thorsten Peter

The transformer architecture is central to the success of modern Large Language Models (LLMs), in part due to its surprising ability to perform a wide range of tasks - including mathematical reasoning, memorization, and retrieval - using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yihe Dong , Lorenzo Noci , Mikhail Khodak , Mufan Li

The Transformer is a fully attention-based alternative to recurrent networks that has achieved state-of-the-art results across a range of NLP tasks. In this paper, we analyze the structure of attention in a Transformer language model, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Jesse Vig , Yonatan Belinkov

Multilingual NMT has become an attractive solution for MT deployment in production. But to match bilingual quality, it comes at the cost of larger and slower models. In this work, we consider several ways to make multilingual NMT faster at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Alexandre Berard , Dain Lee , Stéphane Clinchant , Kweonwoo Jung , Vassilina Nikoulina