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We develop a unified density-based framework for primality, coprimality, and prime pairs, and introduce an intrinsic normalized model for prime gaps constrained by the Prime Number Theorem. Within this setting, a structural tension between…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Gregorio Vettori

The Shapley-Folkman theorem shows that Minkowski averages of uniformly bounded sets tend to be convex when the number of terms in the sum becomes much larger than the ambient dimension. In optimization, Aubin and Ekeland [1976] show that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Thomas Kerdreux , Igor Colin , Alexandre d'Aspremont

This paper generalizes the results of [13] and then provides an interesting example. We construct a family of $W$-like maps $\{W_a\}$ with a turning fixed point having slope $s_1$ on one side and $-s_2$ on the other. Each $W_a$ has an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-10-18 Zhenyang Li

We show that the maximum likelihood degree of a smooth very affine variety is equal to the signed topological Euler characteristic. This generalizes Orlik and Terao's solution to Varchenko's conjecture on complements of hyperplane…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-20 June Huh

We define the log-gamma sheet and the log-gamma landscape in terms of the 2-parameter and 4-parameter free energy of the log-gamma polymer model and prove that they converge to the Airy sheet and the directed landscape, which are central…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Xinyi Zhang

We characterize the lower and upper attainability of the Wiener bound (also known as the conductive analogue of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill bound in elasticity theory) for singularly distributed conductive material mixtures. For the lower…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Zhonggan Huang

We consider a functional on the Wiener space which is smooth and not degenerated in Malliavin sense and we give a criterion of strict positivity of the density. We also give lower bounds for the density. These results are based on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-07 V. Bally , L. Caramellino

This paper establishes central limit theorems for Polyak-Ruppert averaged Q-learning under asynchronous updates. We prove a non-asymptotic central limit theorem, where the convergence rate in Wasserstein distance explicitly reflects the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xingtu Liu

A joint measure-preserving system is $(X, \mathcal{B}, \mu_{1}, \dots, \mu_{k}, T_{1}, \dots, T_{k})$, where each $(X, \mathcal{B}, \mu_{i}, T_{i})$ is a measure-preserving system and any $\mu_{i}$ and $\mu_{j}$ are mutually absolutely…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Michihiro Hirayama , Younghwan Son

We prove the following extension of the Wiener--Wintner Theorem in Ergodic Theor and the Carleson Theorem on pointwise convergence of Fourier series: For all measure preserving flows $ (X,\mu , T_t)$ and $ f\in L^p (X,\mu)$, there is a set…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Lacey , Erin Terwilleger

The Directed Grid Theorem, stating that there is a function $f$ such that a directed graphs of directed treewidth at least $f(k)$ contains a directed grid of size at least $k$ as a butterfly minor, after being a conjecture for nearly 20…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Tomáš Masařík , Marcin Pilipczuk , Paweł Rzążewski , Manuel Sorge

In this paper, under natural and easily verifiable conditions, we prove the $\mathbb{L}^1$-convergence and the asymptotic normality of the Parzen-Rosenblatt density estimator for stationary random fields of the form $X_k =…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-02 Mohamed El Machkouri

Let $K$ be a planar self-affine set. Assuming a weak domination condition on the matrix parts, we prove for all backward Furstenberg directions $V$ that $$\max_{E\in\operatorname{Tan}(K)} \max_{x\in \pi_{V^\bot}(E)} \operatorname{dim_H}…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Roope Anttila , Alex Rutar

Let $D$ be the open unit disc in the complex plane. We denote by $\mathbb{C}$ the set of complex numbers and consider any compact set $K$ which is disjoint from $D$ and which also has connected complement. Let $A(K)$ denote all the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-06-05 Nikos Tsirivas

The times of Brownian local minima, maxima and their union are three distinct examples of local, stationary, dense, random countable sets associated with classical Wiener noise. Being local means, roughly, determined by the local behavior…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Matija Vidmar , Jon Warren

We develop a black-box theory, which can be used to show that a sequence of Gibbsian line ensembles is tight, provided that the one-point marginals of the lowest labeled curves of the ensembles are tight and globally approximate an inverted…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-29 Evgeni Dimitrov , Xuan Wu

We obtain a formula for the density of the winding number of planar Brownian motion around the origin, and deduce from it asymptotic expansions in inverse powers of the logarithm of the squared time, explicit in the angular variable. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-08 Stella Brassesco , Silvana C. García Pire

We provide a rigorous derivation of the brownian motion as the limit of a deterministic system of hard-spheres as the number of particles $N$ goes to infinity and their diameter $\varepsilon$ simultaneously goes to $0$, in the fast…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-03-04 Thierry Bodineau , Isabelle Gallagher , Laure Saint-Raymond

For a closed subset $K$ of a compact metric space $A$ possessing an $\alpha$-regular measure $\mu$ with $\mu(K)>0$, we prove that whenever $s>\alpha$, any sequence of weighted minimal Riesz $s$-energy configurations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-23 D. P. Hardin , E. B. Saff , J. T. Whitehouse

We prove a conjecture of Medvedev and Scanlon for endomorphisms of connected commutative linear algebraic groups $G$ defined over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{k}$ of characteristic $0$. That is, if $\Phi\colon G\longrightarrow G$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-04 Dragos Ghioca , Fei Hu