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Algorithmic fairness has become a central concern in modern machine learning and AI applications. However, two pressing challenges remain: (1) The fairness guarantees of existing methods often rely on specific data distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Xiaotian Hou , Linjun Zhang

Existing theoretical work on Bayes-optimal fair classifiers usually considers a single (binary) sensitive feature. In practice, individuals are often defined by multiple sensitive features. In this paper, we characterize the Bayes-optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Yi Yang , Yinghui Huang , Xiangyu Chang

Algorithmic fairness, and in particular the fairness of scoring and classification algorithms, has become a topic of increasing social concern and has recently witnessed an explosion of research in theoretical computer science, machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Cynthia Dwork , Christina Ilvento

With the aim of building machine learning systems that incorporate standards of fairness and accountability, we explore explicit subgroup sample complexity bounds. The work is motivated by the observation that classifier predictions for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ananth Balashankar , Alyssa Lees

With the increased use of machine learning systems for decision making, questions about the fairness properties of such systems start to take center stage. Most existing work on algorithmic fairness assume complete observation of features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Nikil Roashan Selvam , Guy Van den Broeck , YooJung Choi

Discussions of statistical criteria for fairness commonly convey the normative significance of calibration within groups by invoking what risk scores "mean." On the Same Meaning picture, group-calibrated scores "mean the same thing" (on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Lily Hu

Clustering is a well-studied unsupervised learning task that aims to partition data points into a number of clusters. In many applications, these clusters correspond to real-world constructs (e.g., electoral districts, playlists, TV…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Connor Lawless , Oktay Gunluk

In strategic classification, agents manipulate their features, at a cost, to receive a positive classification outcome from the learner's classifier. The goal of the learner in such settings is to learn a classifier that is robust to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Emily Diana , Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi , Ali Vakilian

Fair machine learning (ML) methods help identify and mitigate the risk that algorithms encode or automate social injustices. Algorithmic approaches alone cannot resolve structural inequalities, but they can support socio-technical decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Michelle Seng Ah Lee , Kirtan Padh , David Watson , Niki Kilbertus , Jatinder Singh

In this paper, we initiate the study of fair clustering that ensures distributional similarity among similar individuals. In response to improving fairness in machine learning, recent papers have investigated fairness in clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Nihesh Anderson , Suman K. Bera , Syamantak Das , Yang Liu

Ensuring that predicted probabilities align with observed frequencies is critical in high-stakes domains such as clinical decision support, autonomous driving and financial risk assessment. Existing calibration methods typically apply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tomer Lavi , Bracha Shapira , Nadav Rappoport

The prevalence and importance of algorithmic two-sided marketplaces has drawn attention to the issue of fairness in such settings. Algorithmic decisions are used in assigning students to schools, users to advertisers, and applicants to job…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Siddartha Devic , David Kempe , Vatsal Sharan , Aleksandra Korolova

Clustering is a fundamental task in machine learning and data analysis, but it frequently fails to provide fair representation for various marginalized communities defined by multiple protected attributes -- a shortcoming often caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Diptarka Chakraborty , Kushagra Chatterjee , Debarati Das , Tien-Long Nguyen

As machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly used in social domains to make predictions about humans, there is a growing concern that these algorithms may exhibit biases against certain social groups. Numerous notions of fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhongteng Cai , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili , Xueru Zhang

Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning task that consists of identifying groups of similar objects. It has numerous applications and is increasingly used in fairness-sensitive domains where objects represent individuals, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Claudio Mantuano , Manuel Kammermann , Philipp Baumann

Class imbalance and group (e.g., race, gender, and age) imbalance are acknowledged as two reasons in data that hinder the trade-off between fairness and utility of machine learning classifiers. Existing techniques have jointly addressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Ryosuke Sonoda

There has been great interest in fairness in machine learning, especially in relation to classification problems. In ranking-related problems, such as in online advertising, recommender systems, and HR automation, much work on fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Andrii Kliachkin , Eleni Psaroudaki , Jakub Marecek , Dimitris Fotakis

Learning a fair predictive model is crucial to mitigate biased decisions against minority groups in high-stakes applications. A common approach to learn such a model involves solving an optimization problem that maximizes the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Abhin Shah , Maohao Shen , Jongha Jon Ryu , Subhro Das , Prasanna Sattigeri , Yuheng Bu , Gregory W. Wornell

Traditional approaches to ensure group fairness in algorithmic decision making aim to equalize ``total'' error rates for different subgroups in the population. In contrast, we argue that the fairness approaches should instead focus only on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Junaid Ali , Preethi Lahoti , Krishna P. Gummadi

Clustering algorithms may unintentionally propagate or intensify existing disparities, leading to unfair representations or biased decision-making. Current fair clustering methods rely on notions of fairness that do not capture any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-15 Fritz Bayer , Drago Plecko , Niko Beerenwinkel , Jack Kuipers
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