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Many of the existing TTS systems cannot accurately synthesize text containing a variety of numerical formats, resulting in reduced intelligibility of the synthesized speech. This research aims to develop a numerical format classifier that…
Writing specifications for computer programs is not easy since one has to take into account the disparate conceptual worlds of the application domain and of software development. To bridge this conceptual gap we propose controlled natural…
Unstructured data have to be parsed in order to become usable. The complexity of grammar notations and the difficulty of grammar debugging limit the use of parsers for data preprocessing. We introduce a notation in which grammars are…
Recent frontier large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in identifying security vulnerabilities in large, mature open-source systems. As LLM-generated code becomes increasingly common, a natural goal is to prevent such…
Designing a new domain specific language is as any other complex task sometimes error-prone and usually time consuming, especially if the language shall be of high-quality and comfortably usable. Existing tool support focuses on the…
We study the generalization abilities of language models when translating natural language into formal specifications with complex semantics. In particular, we fine-tune language models on three datasets consisting of English sentences and…
Formal Methods (FMs) are currently essential for verifying the safety and reliability of software systems. However, the specification writing in formal methods tends to be complex and challenging to learn, requiring familiarity with various…
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a broad range of applications. However, producing reliable text that faithfully represents data remains a challenge. While prior work has shown that task-specific…
In this paper we introduce the Functional Modelling System (FMS). The system introduces the Functional Modelling Language (FML), which is a modelling language for NP-complete search problems based on concepts of functional programming.…
Several solutions for specifying normative artefacts (norms, contracts, policies) in a computational processable way have been presented in the literature. Legal core ontologies have been proposed to systematize concepts and relationships…
In order to allow different software applications, in constant evolution, to interact and exchange data, flexible file formats are needed. A file format specification for different types of content has been elaborated to allow communication…
This article introduces Newton, a specification language for notating the analytic form, units of measure, and sensor signal properties for physical-object-specific invariants and general physical laws. We designed Newton to provide a means…
Text serialization is a fundamental concept in modern computing, enabling the conversion of complex data structures into a format that can be easily stored, transmitted, and reconstructed. This paper provides an extensive overview of text…
The Feature model is a typical approach to capture variability in a software product line design and implementation. For that, most works automate feature model using a limited graphical notation represented by propositional logic and…
Formal software specification is known to enable early error detection and explicit invariants, yet it has seen limited industrial adoption due to its high notation overhead and the expertise required to use traditional formal languages.…
Large Language models (LLMs) usually rely on extensive training datasets. In the financial domain, creating numerical reasoning datasets that include a mix of tables and long text often involves substantial manual annotation expenses. To…
Software specifications are essential for many Software Engineering (SE) tasks such as bug detection and test generation. Many existing approaches are proposed to extract the specifications defined in natural language form (e.g., comments)…
Automatically generating formal specifications could reduce the effort needed to improve program correctness, but in practice, this is still challenging. Many developers avoid writing contracts by hand, which limits the use of automated…
The work relates to the automatic generation of logical specifications, considered as sets of temporal logic formulas, extracted directly from developed software models. The extraction process is based on the assumption that the whole…
In order to work with mathematical content in computer systems, it is necessary to represent it in formal languages. Ideally, these are supported by tools that verify the correctness of the content, allow computing with it, and produce…