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The continuous-time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) represent a class of stochastic processes, which can be used to model complex phenomena, for instance, they can describe interactions occurring in living processes, in social science models or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-16 Maryia Shpak , Błażej Miasojedow , Wojciech Rejchel

Probabilistic graphical models combine the graph theory and probability theory to give a multivariate statistical modeling. They provide a unified description of uncertainty using probability and complexity using the graphical model.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-30 Yang Zhou

A graphical model is a statistical model that is associated to a graph whose nodes correspond to variables of interest. The edges of the graph reflect allowed conditional dependencies among the variables. Graphical models admit…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-09 Mathias Drton , Marloes H. Maathuis

Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models often used in big data analytics. The problem of exact structure learning is to find a network structure that is optimal under certain scoring criteria. The problem is known to be NP-hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Subhadeep Karan , Jaroslaw Zola

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) are widely used to discover latent structure in data, but their success hinges on selecting an appropriate model design. In practice, model specification is difficult and often requires iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Kevin Zhang , Yixin Wang

Graphs are a powerful data structure to represent relational data and are widely used to describe complex real-world data structures. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) have been well-developed in the past years to mathematically model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chenqing Hua , Sitao Luan , Qian Zhang , Jie Fu

In recent years there has been a flurry of works on learning Bayesian networks from data. One of the hard problems in this area is how to effectively learn the structure of a belief network from incomplete data- that is, in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Nir Friedman

Graphs are a powerful data structure for representing relational data and are widely used to describe complex real-world systems. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) can both leverage graph-structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-26 Michela Lapenna , Caterina De Bacco

The health condition of components in civil infrastructures can be described by various discrete states according to their performance degradation. Inferring these states from measurable responses is typically an ill-posed inverse problem.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-30 Teng Li , Stephen Wu , Yong Huang , James L. Beck , Hui Li

Bayesian networks are basic graphical models, used widely both in statistics and artificial intelligence. These statistical models of conditional independence structure are described by acyclic directed graphs whose nodes correspond to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-01 Raymond Hemmecke , Silvia Lindner , Milan Studený

We consider the problem of learning the structure of a pairwise graphical model over continuous and discrete variables. We present a new pairwise model for graphical models with both continuous and discrete variables that is amenable to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-05 Jason D. Lee , Trevor J. Hastie

Bayesian methods for learning Gaussian graphical models offer a principled framework for quantifying model uncertainty and incorporating prior knowledge. However, their scalability is constrained by the computational cost of jointly…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-28 Reza Mohammadi , Marit Schoonhoven , Lucas Vogels , S. Ilker Birbil

Gaussian graphical models provide a powerful framework to reveal the conditional dependency structure between multivariate variables. The process of uncovering the conditional dependency network is known as structure learning. Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 Lucas Vogels , Reza Mohammadi , Marit Schoonhoven , S. Ilker Birbil

Continuous-time Bayesian Networks (CTBNs) represent a compact yet powerful framework for understanding multivariate time-series data. Given complete data, parameters and structure can be estimated efficiently in closed-form. However, if…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-04 Dominik Linzner , Michael Schmidt , Heinz Koeppl

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a prominent representation of probability distributions with tractable inference. While parameter learning in PCs is rigorously studied, structure learning is often more based on heuristics than on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yang Yang , Gennaro Gala , Robert Peharz

In this paper, the relationship between probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, and causal diagrams, also called structural causal models, is studied. Structural causal models are deterministic models, based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Peter J. F. Lucas , Eleonora Zullo , Fabio Stella

One of the most challenging tasks when adopting Bayesian Networks (BNs) is the one of learning their structure from data. This task is complicated by the huge search space of possible solutions, and by the fact that the problem is NP-hard.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Stefano Beretta , Mauro Castelli , Ivo Goncalves , Roberto Henriques , Daniele Ramazzotti

We introduce factorize sum split product networks (FSPNs), a new class of probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). FSPNs are designed to overcome the drawbacks of existing PGMs in terms of estimation accuracy and inference efficiency.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Ziniu Wu , Rong Zhu , Andreas Pfadler , Yuxing Han , Jiangneng Li , Zhengping Qian , Kai Zeng , Jingren Zhou

Traditional approaches to Bayes net structure learning typically assume little regularity in graph structure other than sparseness. However, in many cases, we expect more systematicity: variables in real-world systems often group into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Vikash Mansinghka , Charles Kemp , Thomas Griffiths , Joshua Tenenbaum

Probabilistic Graphical Models are often used to understand dynamics of a system. They can model relationships between features (nodes) and the underlying distribution. Theoretically these models can represent very complex dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Harsh Shrivastava , Urszula Chajewska
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