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This paper proposes an algorithm that aims to improve generalization for reinforcement learning agents by removing overfitting to confounding features. Our approach consists of a max-min game theoretic objective. A generator transfers the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

Distributed gradient descent algorithms have come to the fore in modern machine learning, especially in parallelizing the handling of large datasets that are distributed across several workers. However, scant attention has been paid to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-06 Shuche Wang , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising approach to tackle long-horizon decision-making problems with sparse rewards. Unfortunately, most methods still decouple the lower-level skill acquisition process and the training of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Alexander C. Li , Carlos Florensa , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

Large-scale alignment pipelines typically pair a policy model with a separately trained reward model whose parameters remain frozen during reinforcement learning (RL). This separation creates a complex, resource-intensive pipeline and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Songshuo Lu , Hua Wang , Zhi Chen , Yaohua Tang

Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO) is a variant of the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, specifically tailored for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). MAPPO optimizes cooperative multi-agent settings by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Changha Lee , Gyusang Cho

Policy optimization for large language models often suffers from sparse reward signals in multi-step reasoning tasks. Critic-free methods like GRPO assign a single normalized outcome reward to all tokens, providing limited guidance for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruiyi Ding , Yongxuan Lv , Xianhui Meng , Jiahe Song , Chao Wang , Chen Jiang , Yuan Cheng

Hybrid Group Relative Policy Optimization (Hybrid GRPO) is a reinforcement learning framework that extends Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) by incorporating empirical multi-sample action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Soham Sane

Policy gradient methods are known to be highly sensitive to the choice of policy parameterization. In particular, the widely used softmax parameterization can induce ill-conditioned optimization landscapes and lead to exponentially slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Safwan Labbi , Daniil Tiapkin , Paul Mangold , Eric Moulines

Policy optimization methods with function approximation are widely used in multi-agent reinforcement learning. However, it remains elusive how to design such algorithms with statistical guarantees. Leveraging a multi-agent performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yulai Zhao , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Jason D. Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven remarkably effective at improving the accuracy of language models in verifiable and deterministic domains like mathematics. Here, we examine if current RL methods are also effective at optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Michael Bereket , Jure Leskovec

We study an explicit mirror-descent method for finite-horizon deterministic optimal control problems. The method is motivated by Pontryagin's maximum principle: at each iteration, one solves the state and adjoint equations and updates the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Ye Feng , Jianfeng Lu

Policy optimization is among the most popular and successful reinforcement learning algorithms, and there is increasing interest in understanding its theoretical guarantees. In this work, we initiate the study of policy optimization for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Liyu Chen , Haipeng Luo , Aviv Rosenberg

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in partially observable environments poses significant challenges due to the complexity of learning under uncertainty. While additional information, such as that available in simulations, can enhance training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yueheng Li , Guangming Xie , Zongqing Lu

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) plays a critical role in improving model performance. Transformer-based HPO methods have shown great potential; however, existing approaches rely heavily on large-scale historical optimization trajectories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoxin Guo , Jiawen Pan , Weixin Zhai

Entropy regularized algorithms such as Soft Q-learning and Soft Actor-Critic, recently showed state-of-the-art performance on a number of challenging reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. The regularized formulation modifies the standard RL…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-15 Elena Smirnova , Elvis Dohmatob

Reinforcement learning has been widely applied to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models. Extending the inference limits of smaller models has become a prominent research focus. However, algorithms such as Group…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hao Wu , Wei Liu

In statistical machine learning, kernel methods allow to consider infinite dimensional feature spaces with a computational cost that only depends on the number of observations. This is usually done by solving an optimization problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Guillaume Garrigos , Lorenzo Rosasco , Silvia Villa

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, dominant approaches like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) face critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kevin Han , Yuhang Zhou , Mingze Gao , Gedi Zhou , Serena Li , Abhishek Kumar , Xiangjun Fan , Weiwei Li , Lizhu Zhang

We study decentralized policy learning in Markov games where we control a single agent to play with nonstationary and possibly adversarial opponents. Our goal is to develop a no-regret online learning algorithm that (i) takes actions based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Wenhao Zhan , Jason D. Lee , Zhuoran Yang

We introduce a constrained optimization method for policy gradient reinforcement learning, which uses a virtual trust region to regulate each policy update. In addition to using the proximity of one single old policy as the normal trust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Hung Le , Thommen Karimpanal George , Majid Abdolshah , Dung Nguyen , Kien Do , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh