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Prompt optimization algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in multi-step reasoning but still lack effective uncertainty estimation. This paper introduces a benchmark dataset to evaluate uncertainty metrics, focusing on Answer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) are widely used methods for estimating the transition probability matrix in Markov chains and identifying significant relationships between transitions, such as equality.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-04 Yining Zhou , Ming Gao , Yiting Chen , Xiaoping Shi

We consider the problem of making nonparametric inference in a class of multi-dimensional diffusions in divergence form, from low-frequency data. Statistical analysis in this setting is notoriously challenging due to the intractability of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-23 Matteo Giordano , Sven Wang

This research designs a unified architecture of CTR prediction benchmark (Bench-CTR) platform that offers flexible interfaces with datasets and components of a wide range of CTR prediction models. Moreover, we construct a comprehensive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shan Gao , Yanwu Yang

In the Bayesian Reinforcement Learning (BRL) setting, agents try to maximise the collected rewards while interacting with their environment while using some prior knowledge that is accessed beforehand. Many BRL algorithms have already been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Michael Castronovo , Damien Ernst , Adrien Couetoux , Raphael Fonteneau

Nowadays, with the rising number of sensors in sectors such as healthcare and industry, the problem of multivariate time series classification (MTSC) is getting increasingly relevant and is a prime target for machine and deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Leonardos Pantiskas , Kees Verstoep , Mark Hoogendoorn , Henri Bal

Early Time-Series Classification (ETSC) is the task of predicting the class of incoming time-series by observing as few measurements as possible. Such methods can be employed to obtain classification forecasts in many time-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Charilaos Akasiadis , Evgenios Kladis , Evangelos Michelioudakis , Elias Alevizos , Alexander Artikis

Time Series Classification (TSC) is an important and challenging problem in data mining. With the increase of time series data availability, hundreds of TSC algorithms have been proposed. Among these methods, only a few have considered Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Germain Forestier , Jonathan Weber , Lhassane Idoumghar , Pierre-Alain Muller

A validated simulation model primarily requires performing an appropriate input analysis mainly by determining the behavior of real-world processes using probability distributions. In many practical cases, probability distributions of the…

Applications · Statistics 2014-09-01 Issac Shams , Saeede Ajorlou , Kai Yang

Learning to rank (LTR) is one of the core tasks in Machine Learning. Traditional LTR models have made great progress, but nearly all of them are implemented from discriminative perspective. In this paper, we aim at addressing LTR from a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ying Wang , Preslav Nakov , Shangsong Liang

Recent work has proposed stochastic Plackett-Luce (PL) ranking models as a robust choice for optimizing relevance and fairness metrics. Unlike their deterministic counterparts that require heuristic optimization algorithms, PL models are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Harrie Oosterhuis

High-order clustering aims to identify heterogeneous substructures in multiway datasets that arise commonly in neuroimaging, genomics, social network studies, etc. The non-convex and discontinuous nature of this problem pose significant…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-11 Rungang Han , Yuetian Luo , Miaoyan Wang , Anru R. Zhang

Most methods for time series classification that attain state-of-the-art accuracy have high computational complexity, requiring significant training time even for smaller datasets, and are intractable for larger datasets. Additionally, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Angus Dempster , François Petitjean , Geoffrey I. Webb

Time series clustering is an unsupervised learning method for classifying time series data into groups with similar behavior. It is used in applications such as healthcare, finance, economics, energy, and climate science. Several time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-08 Chutiphan Charoensuk , Nathakhun Wiroonsri

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked growing interest in their application to time series analysis tasks. However, their ability to perform complex reasoning over temporal data in real-world application domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Wen Ye , Jinbo Liu , Defu Cao , Wei Yang , Yan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in time series modeling tasks, but do they truly understand time series data? While multiple benchmarks have been proposed to answer this fundamental question, most are manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Malgorzata Gwiazda , Yifu Cai , Mononito Goswami , Arjun Choudhry , Artur Dubrawski

In Machine Learning, a benchmark refers to an ensemble of datasets associated with one or multiple metrics together with a way to aggregate different systems performances. They are instrumental in (i) assessing the progress of new methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Pierre Colombo , Nathan Noiry , Ekhine Irurozki , Stephan Clemencon

Test-time scaling (TTS) -- the dynamic allocation of compute during inference -- is a promising direction for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic comparison of well-known TTS strategies under identical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Online prediction of time series under regime switching is a widely studied problem in the literature, with many celebrated approaches. Using the non-parametric flexibility of Gaussian processes, the recently proposed INTEL algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Daniel Waxman , Petar M. Djurić

We establish the asymptotic distribution of likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) in settings where some of the nuisance parameters are unidentifiable under the null hypothesis, parameters of interest lie on the boundary of the parameter space, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Karl Oskar Ekvall , Ola Hössjer , Matteo Bottai , J. M. Patrik Albin