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Chest X-rays are one of the most common radiological examinations in daily clinical routines. Reporting thorax diseases using chest X-rays is often an entry-level task for radiologist trainees. Yet, reading a chest X-ray image remains a…

Data augmentation is a promising technique for unsupervised anomaly detection in industrial applications, where the availability of positive samples is often limited due to factors such as commercial competition and sample collection…

Interdisciplinary research is often at the core of scientific progress. This dissertation explores some advantageous synergies between machine learning, cognitive science and neuroscience. In particular, this thesis focuses on vision and…

While deep learning methods have shown great success in medical image analysis, they require a number of medical images to train. Due to data privacy concerns and unavailability of medical annotators, it is oftentimes very difficult to…

Data augmentation is a ubiquitous technique for improving image classification when labeled data is scarce. Constraining the model predictions to be invariant to diverse data augmentations effectively injects the desired representational…

Handwritten text and scene text suffer from various shapes and distorted patterns. Thus training a robust recognition model requires a large amount of data to cover diversity as much as possible. In contrast to data collection and…

With the increase of computing power, machine learning models in medical imaging have been introduced to help in rending medical diagnosis and inspection, like hemophilia, a rare disorder in which blood cannot clot normally. Often, one of…

Voxelwise classification approaches are popular and effective methods for tissue quantification in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. However, generalization of these approaches is hampered by large differences between sets of…

Most data-driven models for medical image analysis rely on universal augmentations to improve accuracy. Experimental evidence has confirmed their effectiveness, but the unclear mechanism underlying them poses a barrier to the widespread…

Data augmentation is an effective technique for improving the accuracy of modern image classifiers. However, current data augmentation implementations are manually designed. In this paper, we describe a simple procedure called AutoAugment…

Advances in deep learning for natural images have prompted a surge of interest in applying similar techniques to medical images. The majority of the initial attempts focused on replacing the input of a deep convolutional neural network with…

Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in Canada and the United States, representing over 25\% of all new female cancer cases. As such, there has been immense research and progress on improving screening and…

Medical image analysis typically includes several tasks such as enhancement, segmentation, and classification. Traditionally, these tasks are implemented using separate deep learning models for separate tasks, which is not efficient because…

We measure the influence of image augmentations and training dataset size when training a deep neural network to classify galaxy morphology. Data augmentation is an integral step when training machine learning models and often astronomers…

Recently deep learning methods, in particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have led to a massive breakthrough in the range of computer vision. Also, the large-scale annotated dataset is the essential key to a successful training…

Data augmentation is an effective technique to improve the generalization of deep neural networks. However, previous data augmentation methods usually treat the augmented samples equally without considering their individual impacts on the…

Despite remarkable progress on visual recognition tasks, deep neural-nets still struggle to generalize well when training data is scarce or highly imbalanced, rendering them extremely vulnerable to real-world examples. In this paper, we…

Deep artificial neural networks require a large corpus of training data in order to effectively learn, where collection of such training data is often expensive and laborious. Data augmentation overcomes this issue by artificially inflating…

Data augmentation is one of the regularization strategies for the training of deep learning models, which enhances generalizability and prevents overfitting, leading to performance improvement. Although researchers have proposed various…

Early detection and rapid intervention of lung cancer are crucial. Nonetheless, ensuring an accurate diagnosis is challenging, as physicians' ability to interpret chest X-rays varies significantly depending on their experience and degree of…