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Large Language Models (LLMs) can be adapted to extend their text capabilities to speech inputs. However, these speech-adapted LLMs consistently underperform their text-based counterparts--and even cascaded pipelines--on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Santiago Cuervo , Skyler Seto , Maureen de Seyssel , Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly , Zakaria Aldeneh

Audio descriptions (ADs) function as acoustic commentaries designed to assist blind persons and persons with visual impairments in accessing digital media content on television and in movies, among other settings. As an accessibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yingqiang Gao , Lukas Fischer , Alexa Lintner , Sarah Ebling

Language-queried Audio Separation (LASS) employs linguistic queries to isolate target sounds based on semantic descriptions. However, existing methods face challenges in aligning complex auditory features with linguistic context while…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jianyuan Feng , Guangzheng Li , Yangfei Xu

Text-to-music generation (T2M-Gen) faces a major obstacle due to the scarcity of large-scale publicly available music datasets with natural language captions. To address this, we propose the Music Understanding LLaMA (MU-LLaMA), capable of…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Shansong Liu , Atin Sakkeer Hussain , Chenshuo Sun , Ying Shan

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

The development of Audio Description (AD) has been a pivotal step forward in making video content more accessible and inclusive. Traditionally, AD production has demanded a considerable amount of skilled labor, while existing automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Peng Chu , Jiang Wang , Andre Abrantes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have emerged as powerful tools for speech-related tasks but remain underexplored for fine-tuning, especially with limited speech data. To bridge this gap, we systematically examine how different…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Youngwon Choi , Jaeyoon Jung , Hyeonyu Kim , Huu-Kim Nguyen , Hwayeon Kim

Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining (CLAP) is pre-trained to associate audio features with human language, making it a natural zero-shot classifier to recognize unseen sound categories. To adapt CLAP to downstream tasks, prior works…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-18 Yiming Li , Xiangdong Wang , Hong Liu

Textless spoken language models (SLMs) are generative models of speech that do not rely on text supervision. Most textless SLMs learn to predict the next semantic token, a discrete representation of linguistic content, and rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ju-Chieh Chou , Jiawei Zhou , Karen Livescu

Text-based audio generation models have limitations as they cannot encompass all the information in audio, leading to restricted controllability when relying solely on text. To address this issue, we propose a novel model that enhances the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Zhifang Guo , Jianguo Mao , Rui Tao , Long Yan , Kazushige Ouchi , Hong Liu , Xiangdong Wang

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

The ability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to perceive and comprehend audio signals is crucial for many applications. Although significant progress has been made in this area since the development of AudioSet, most existing models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Yuan Gong , Hongyin Luo , Alexander H. Liu , Leonid Karlinsky , James Glass

Contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP) enables zero-shot (ZS) inference of audio and exhibits promising performance in several classification tasks. However, conventional audio representations are still crucial for many tasks where…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Daisuke Niizumi , Daiki Takeuchi , Yasunori Ohishi , Noboru Harada , Masahiro Yasuda , Shunsuke Tsubaki , Keisuke Imoto

We tackle the problem of generating audio samples conditioned on descriptive text captions. In this work, we propose AaudioGen, an auto-regressive generative model that generates audio samples conditioned on text inputs. AudioGen operates…

The field of text-to-audio generation has seen significant advancements, and yet the ability to finely control the acoustic characteristics of generated audio remains under-explored. In this paper, we introduce a novel yet simple approach…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Sonal Kumar , Prem Seetharaman , Justin Salamon , Dinesh Manocha , Oriol Nieto

Speech language models (SpeechLMs) accept speech input and produce speech output, allowing for more natural human-computer interaction compared to text-based large language models (LLMs). Traditional approaches for developing SpeechLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Aohan Zeng , Zhengxiao Du , Mingdao Liu , Lei Zhang , Shengmin Jiang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

In this work, we present DiffVoice, a novel text-to-speech model based on latent diffusion. We propose to first encode speech signals into a phoneme-rate latent representation with a variational autoencoder enhanced by adversarial training,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-25 Zhijun Liu , Yiwei Guo , Kai Yu

Transductive zero-shot learning with vision-language models leverages image-image similarities within the dataset to achieve better classification accuracy compared to the inductive setting. However, there is little work that explores the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Oindrila Saha , Logan Lawrence , Grant Van Horn , Subhransu Maji

Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) is the task of generating natural language descriptions given an audio stream. A typical AAC system requires manually curated training data of audio segments and corresponding text caption annotations. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Soham Deshmukh , Benjamin Elizalde , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh , Huaming Wang