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Related papers: Testing mean and variance by e-processes

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E-variables are nonnegative random variables with expected value at most one under any distribution from a given null hypothesis. Every nonasymptotically valid test can be obtained by thresholding some e-variable. As such, e-variables arise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Martin Larsson , Aaditya Ramdas , Johannes Ruf

Conformal prediction is a powerful framework for distribution-free uncertainty quantification. The standard approach to conformal prediction relies on comparing the ranks of prediction scores: under exchangeability, the rank of a future…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-07 Etienne Gauthier , Francis Bach , Michael I. Jordan

Conditional independence testing is a key problem required by many machine learning and statistics tools. In particular, it is one way of evaluating the usefulness of some features on a supervised prediction problem. We propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-02 Marco Henrique de Almeida Inácio , Rafael Izbicki , Rafael Bassi Stern

The multivariate conditional probability distribution models the effects of a set of variables onto the statistical properties of another set of variables. In the study of systemic risk in a financial system, the multivariate conditional…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-05 Tomaso Aste

Testing the significance of a variable or group of variables $X$ for predicting a response $Y$, given additional covariates $Z$, is a ubiquitous task in statistics. A simple but common approach is to specify a linear model, and then test…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Anton Rask Lundborg , Ilmun Kim , Rajen D. Shah , Richard J. Samworth

In broad applications, it is routinely of interest to assess whether there is evidence in the data to refute the assumption of conditional independence of $Y$ and $X$ conditionally on $Z$. Such tests are well developed in parametric models…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-25 Tsuyoshi Kunihama , David B. Dunson

A standard practice in statistical hypothesis testing is to mention the p-value alongside the accept/reject decision. We show the advantages of mentioning an e-value instead. With p-values, it is not clear how to use an extreme observation…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-04 Peter Grünwald

A benefit of randomized experiments is that covariate distributions of treatment and control groups are balanced on average, resulting in simple unbiased estimators for treatment effects. However, it is possible that a particular…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-01 Zach Branson , Luke Miratrix

We develop E-variables for testing whether two or more data streams come from the same source or not, and more generally, whether the difference between the sources is larger than some minimal effect size. These E-variables lead to exact,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-23 Rosanne Turner , Alexander Ly , Peter Grünwald

We consider a nonparametric heteroscedastic time series regression model and suggest testing procedures to detect changes in the conditional variance function. The tests are based on a sequential marked empirical process and thus combine…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-10 Maria Mohr , Natalie Neumeyer

Forecasting and forecast evaluation are inherently sequential tasks. Predictions are often issued on a regular basis, such as every hour, day, or month, and their quality is monitored continuously. However, the classical statistical tools…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-04 Sebastian Arnold , Alexander Henzi , Johanna F. Ziegel

We consider the problem of testing the equality of conditional distributions of a response variable given a vector of covariates between two populations. Such a hypothesis testing problem can be motivated from various machine learning and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Xiaoyu Hu , Jing Lei

We propose a sequential, anytime-valid method to test the conditional independence of a response $Y$ and a predictor $X$ given a random vector $Z$. The proposed test is based on e-statistics and test martingales, which generalize likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-22 Peter Grünwald , Alexander Henzi , Tyron Lardy

We study the problem of designing consistent sequential two-sample tests in a nonparametric setting. Guided by the principle of testing by betting, we reframe this task into that of selecting a sequence of payoff functions that maximize the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Aaditya Ramdas

A common task in high-throughput biology is to test for differences in means between two samples across thousands of features (e.g., genes or proteins), often with only a handful of replicates per sample. Moderated t-tests handle this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-02 Wanyi Ling , Wufang Hong , Nikolaos Ignatiadis

As a crucial problem in statistics is to decide whether additional variables are needed in a regression model. We propose a new multivariate test to investigate the conditional mean independence of Y given X conditioning on some known…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-18 Ze Jin , Xiaohan Yan , David S. Matteson

Symmetry plays a central role in the sciences, machine learning, and statistics. While statistical tests for the presence of distributional invariance with respect to groups have a long history, tests for conditional symmetry in the form of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Kenny Chiu , Alex Sharp , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy

We study properties of two resampling scenarios: Conditional Randomisation and Conditional Permutation schemes, which are relevant for testing conditional independence of discrete random variables $X$ and $Y$ given a random variable $Z$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Małgorzata Łazęcka , Bartosz Kołodziejek , Jan Mielniczuk

Motivated by applications in biological science, we propose a novel test to assess the conditional mean dependence of a response variable on a large number of covariates. Our procedure is built on the martingale difference divergence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-31 Xianyang Zhang , Shun Yao , Xiaofeng Shao

Backtesting risk measures is a central task in financial regulation. While standard backtests evaluate whether a forecasting model is statistically consistent with observed losses, regulatory practice often requires assessing the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-06 Zhanyi Jiao , Qiuqi Wang , Yimiao Zhao